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12. Maturitni otazka_Business company

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Business company

A company is a form of business organization. In the United States, a company is called a corporation. A company is an "artificial person" created by law - a legal person.
The most common types of companies are:

  • A company - limited (Ltd - limited, plc - public limited company, Inc.- incorporated, LLC - limited liability company) - the owners do not pay all the company's debts

  • Unlimited - where the liability of the owners is not limited

  • Partnership - formed by two or more persons, who have to pay for all debts of their business

  • Sole proprietorship (trader) - owned and run by one owner, who has to pay all debts of his business

  • Nonprofit organisation - their owners don't get any profit, which goes for charity etc.

There are both nationalized companies owned by the state and private companies. A private company might be a small firm with just one owner or a very large firm with thousands of shareholders.
Large companies may be organized into several large departments and their structure can be quite complicated. At the top there is usually a board of directors.

The head of the company is called managing director (in GB) or chief executive officer (US) and reports to the board of directors. Then there are various departments, e.g. Sales Dpt., Production, Marketing, Accounts, Personnel (or HR), IT, and others.
Their heads are called for example Sales Manager, Production Manager, etc. and they report to the Managing Director.

Office equipment:
Office supplies ( or equipment) are all the supplies regularly used in offices by businesses and other organizations. It includes small, expendable, daily use items such as paper clips, post-it notes, and staples, small machines such as hole punches, binders, staplers and laminators, writing utensils and paper, but also includes higher-cost equipment like computers, printers, fax machines, photocopiers and cash registers, as well as office furniture such as chairs, cubicles, filing cabinet, and desks.

Companyor corporate culture is the summary of the values, customs, traditions in the company. An important part of company culture is the dress code. Employees are sometimes required to wear a uniform or certain dress, such as a business suit or tie. This may depend on particular situations, for example if they are expected to meet customers. Lawyers, bankers, and executives often wear a suit and a tie. Some work places require that tattoos be covered.

White collar work place clothing has changed through the years. In a company office, appropriate clothes are clean, business casual clothes such as a dress shirt, polo shirt (golf or tennis shirt) and cotton trousers. Suits, neckties, and other formal wear are usually only required in law offices and financial offices. Today women's work clothes include tennis shirts and trousers.

Casual clothes entered business culture with the advent of the Silicon Valley, California, technology company featuring casual work clothes on the job. Additionally, some companies set aside days - generally Fridays ('dress-down Friday', 'casual Friday') - when workers may wear casual clothes. This practice has changed somewhat since the end of the dot com era. The clothing a company requires its worker to wear on the job varies with the occupation and profession

According to the Financial Times the world most valuable business companies in 2012 are Apple, Exxon Mobil, PetroChina, Microsoft and IBM.

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