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6_The_Czech_Republic

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6) The Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a landlocked country located in central Europe, which gives our country the nickname „the heart of Europe“. It borders with Germany on the west, with Poland on the north, with Slovakia on the east and with Austria on the south. The Czech Republic isn‘t a very large country, the surface is about 79 000 square kilometres. The current area is formed by three historical regions - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Nowadays, the CR is divided into 13 regions plus the region of the capital Prague. Other important cities are for example Brno, Plzeň or Ostrava.

The Czech borders are created by the mountains. Some of the well-known mountain ranges are the Šumava, the Krkonoše, the Beskydy or the Krušné hory. The Bohemia is surrounded all around by the mountains, except on the east where it’s divided from Moravia by the Bohemian-Moravian plateau. There are also some lowlands such as the Elbe Valley, which is the largest one, or the lowland along the Morava river in Moravia. The highest mountain of the CR, which is situated exactly on the border with Poland, is 1602 metres high Sněžka.

Among the most important rivers in the CR belong the Elbe, the Vltava, which is the longest one, the Morava or the Ohře. I also can’t forget to mention Czech reservoirs of water and ponds. The reservoirs are an important source of fresh water. The famous one is the cascade on the Vltava river, which includes Slapy, Orlík or Lipno. The creation of the ponds has a long tradition in our country, it dates back to the Middle Ages. The ponds can be found in the southern region, for example around the town of Třeboň. Two largest lakes, Černé and Čertovo, are situated in the Šumava and their origin is glacial. There are also the sources of mineral water and the thermal spas that attract the tourists from other countries, for example Carlsbad and Mariánské Lázně.

The climate in the CR is continental, which means quite warm and sunny summers and cool, cloudy and snowy winters. There is also quite big differences between summers and winters.

And now I would like to tell a brief history of the Czech Republic. In the 5th century the first Slavonic tribes lived in the Czech territory. Then, in the 7th century the first Slavonic state – Sáma’s Empire was formed. Next state was the Great Moravian Empire created in the 9th century. The Bohemian Principality was united in the 10th century under the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1306 they died out and were replaced by the Luxembourgs. The most important monarch from the House of Luxembourg was surely Charles IV, who was the King of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Emperor. He is famous for making Prague the imperial capital, founding the Charles University, and building the Charles Bridge or the Karlštejn castle. During his reign all state flourished.

The other important period is the age of Hussite wars in the 15th century, which started after the execution of Master Jan Hus.

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