IMPORTANT PEDAGOGUES
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IMPORTANT PEDAGOGUES
In the history of pedagogy there were many important people who changed the face of this subject diametrically. I would like to tell you something about at least few of them.
JAN ÁMOS KOMENSKÝ (JOHN AMOS COMENIUS)
- our most important pedagogue; well known around the world as well as in our country
Biography
- birth – 28thMarch 1592; near Uherský Brod
- he became an orphan when he was four – his aunt nurtured him
- he started school in his 16, then he studied in Germany
- he was married three times and had six children, but only four of them survived
- in 1628 he had to exile to Lešno with his family
- he spent few years in England and Sweden where he was writing, teaching and introducing his work
- he lived in Lešno until it was burned
- death – 1670 in Amsterdam
Opinions
educational aim
to know yourself
to control yourself
to rise to the God
Work
Didactica Magna (The Great Didactic)
- how to teach
Orbis Pictus (The Visible Word in Pictures)
- the most renowned and most widely circulated of school textbooks
- first successful application of illustrations to the work of teaching, though not, as often stated, the first illustrated book for children
Labyrint světa a ráj srdce (Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heard)
-satirical allegory
- the world is portrayed as a city which resembles a labyrinth, entered by a pilgrim (the narrator and author himself)
MARIA MONTESSORI
- an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name
Biography
- August 31, 1870
- the first woman as a doctor of medicine in Italy – hard studies (nobody believed that a woman could do it)
- Because her attendance of classes with men in the presence of a naked body was deemed inappropriate, she was required to perform her dissections of cadavers alone, after hours.
- after some time she focused on the education of mentally handicapped children
- she started with education of healthy children
Main ideas
-Help me to do it myself – the main credo of Montessori pedagogy
- Absolute teaching – the complex of physical and mental activity
Work
Antropologia Pedagogica (Pedagogical Anthropology)
Education for a New World
The Child in the Family