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IMPORTANT PEDAGOGUES

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Maturitní otázka: IMPORTANT PEDAGOGUES

IMPORTANT PEDAGOGUES

In the history of pedagogy there were many important people who changed the face of this subject diametrically. I would like to tell you something about at least few of them.

JAN ÁMOS KOMENSKÝ (JOHN AMOS COMENIUS)

- our most important pedagogue; well known around the world as well as in our country

Biography

- birth – 28thMarch 1592; near Uherský Brod

- he became an orphan when he was four – his aunt nurtured him

- he started school in his 16, then he studied in Germany

- he was married three times and had six children, but only four of them survived

- in 1628 he had to exile to Lešno with his family

- he spent few years in England and Sweden where he was writing, teaching and introducing his work

- he lived in Lešno until it was burned

- death – 1670 in Amsterdam

Opinions

educational aim

  1. to know yourself

  2. to control yourself

  3. to rise to the God

Work

  • Didactica Magna (The Great Didactic)

- how to teach

  • Orbis Pictus (The Visible Word in Pictures)

- the most renowned and most widely circulated of school textbooks

- first successful application of illustrations to the work of teaching, though not, as often stated, the first illustrated book for children

  • Labyrint světa a ráj srdce (Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heard)

-satirical allegory

- the world is portrayed as a city which resembles a labyrinth, entered by a pilgrim (the narrator and author himself)

MARIA MONTESSORI

- an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name

Biography

- August 31, 1870

- the first woman as a doctor of medicine in Italy – hard studies (nobody believed that a woman could do it)

- Because her attendance of classes with men in the presence of a naked body was deemed inappropriate, she was required to perform her dissections of cadavers alone, after hours.

- after some time she focused on the education of mentally handicapped children

- she started with education of healthy children

Main ideas

-Help me to do it myself – the main credo of Montessori pedagogy

- Absolute teaching – the complex of physical and mental activity

Work

  • Antropologia Pedagogica (Pedagogical Anthropology)

  • Education for a New World

  • The Child in the Family

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