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Important People in the British History

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Maturitní otázka: Important People in the British History

IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE BRITISH HISTORY

QUEEN ELIZABETH II.

1926 – today

- the queen of the UK, Australia, New Zealand since 1952

- daughter of the Duke and the Duchess of York

- began to undertake public duties during the Second World War

- married Prince Philip – the Duke of Edinburgh

- educated at home by her mother and governess – history, language, literature, music

- the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch

- the world´s longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state

MARGARETH THATCHER

1925 – 2013

- British stateswoman, the Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990, Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990

- the longest serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century

- the first woman to have been appointed

- a Soviet nickname – the „Iron Lady“ – because of her uncompromising politics, leadership style

- her policies – known as Thatcherism

- good student – studied chemistry at Oxford – became Chemistry Bachelor of Science

- decided not to be chemists – thought about laws or politics

ADMIRAL NELSON (Horatio Nelson)

1758 – 1805

- British flag officer in the Royal Navy

- inspirational leadership, superb grasp of strategy, unconventional tactics – particularly during the Napoleonic Wars

- shot and killed during his final victory at the Battle of Trafalgar Square

- entered the navy in the age of 12 – soon became the midshipman

QUEEN VICTORIA

1819 – 1901

- queen of the UK of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until her death; the Empress of India

- attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments – national icon of standards and personal morality

- „the grandmother of Europe“ – nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent

- the „Victorian era“ – industrial, cultural, political, scientific and military change; great expansion of the British Empire

WINSTON CHURCHILL

1874 – 1965

- British statesman, army officer, writer; Prime Minister of the UK from 1951 to 1955 and from 1951 to 1955

- led Britain to victory during the Second World War

- joined the British Army – saw action in British India, Anglo-Sudan War – war correspondent, writing books about his campaigns

- famous speeches and radio broadcasts – helped inspire British resistance during the Second World War

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (William I.)

1028 – 1087

- the first Norman King of England after the Battle of Hastings – he beated the Anglo-Saxon king Harold II.

- he was a contender for the throne, but there was another claimant – including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson

HENRY VIII.

1491 – 1547

- the second Tudor monarch

- six marriages, effords to have his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled

- diagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment – the English Reformation – separating the Church of England from papal authority – appointing himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England

- radical changes to the English Constitution

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