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Rheumatism - People suffering from rheumatic diseases

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PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Key words: arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, to relieve the pain, fatigue, tiredness, stiffness, swelling of joints, prevention of contractures and deformities, knee and hip replacement.

The most commonly sold drugs indicated for rheumatic diseases:

Non-narcotic analgesics (pain relievers). As one of the main symptoms of rheumatic diseases is pain, most people will need pain relief as part of their medication regimen. For some this may be short-term, until the problems that cause the pain, such as inflammation, are eliminated. For others, whose symptoms cannot be fully resolved, pain relief may be part of a long-term treatment plan.

Non-narcotic analgesics include acetaminophen (Tylenol), which although widely available should only be used long-term if carefully monitored, as serious side effects include liver damage and death. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) are also non-narcotic pain relievers.

Narcotic analgesics. For severe pain unrelieved by non-narcotic medications, it may be necessary to use narcotic drugs, also known as opioids, for a brief period. Narcotics include codeine, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and many others. They should only be used under professional guidance, as tolerance and addiction can occur after long-term use. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, and drowsiness, which can often limit their use on a day-to-day basis.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). These are some of the most commonly used drugs for both short- and long-term management of a number of rheumatic diseases. In addition to relieving pain, NSAIDs block the activity of the enzyme cycloxygenase (COX), which is involved in inflammatory pathways. NSAIDs are divided into the salicylates, of which aspirin is the most well-known; "traditional" NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium (Aleve, Naprosyn), diclofenac (Voltaren), and ketoprofen (Orudis); and COX-2 inhibitors. Currently, the only FDA-approved COX-2 inhibitor is celecoxib (Celebrex).

Side effects of NSAIDs can include stomach upset and ulcers, so they are usually also given with stomach acid-reducing drugs. Long-term use of NSAIDs can cause fluid retention, high blood pressure, and increase the chance of a heart attack, so use should be under professional guidance.

Corticosteroids. This class of dugs is used for the treatment of some types of rheumatic diseases because corticosteroids decrease inflammation and suppress the immune system, which results in decreased inflammation and swelling of the joint. They can be administrated orally, intravenously, or injected directly into the affected tissue or joint. Examples of corticosteroids include betamethasone (Celestone), cortisone (Cortone), dexamethasone (Decadron), hydrocortisone (Cortef), methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone (Prelone), and prednisone (Deltasone). Side effects that can occur after short-term use include swelling from fluid retention, increased appetite, weight gain, and emotional ups and downs. Side effects that may occur after long-term use of corticosteroids include stretch marks, excessive hair growth, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, blood glucose increases, and cataracts.

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