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The Czech Republic

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21 – THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The Czech Republic is situated in the middle of Europe. It is also called „the heart of Europe“. It is an inland country, it covers the area of 78,800 sq km and the number of inhabitants is about 10.3 million people. The country consists of three historical territories: Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia and is divided into 14 regions. In the East it borders on Slovakia, in the North on Poland, in the West on German and in the South on Austria. The Czech borders are the oldest ones in Europe. The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague (it has about one million inhabitants). Other big cities are Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen, Budweis, and Hradec Králové. There are also minority groups such as the Romes, the Poles, the Germans, the Ukrainians and the Russians.

The state flag consists of two horizontal stripes (white on the top and red in the bottom) and a blue wedge. The state anthem is the song Where is my homeland? by František Škroup. The head of the state is the President.

The surface of our country is rather hilly. The highest mountains in the Czech Republic are the Giant Mountains with the highest peak Sněžka (1602m). The Czech Republic is surrounded by a ring of mountains - the Šumava range, the Czech Forest, the Ore Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, the Giant Mountains, the Eagle Mountains, the Jeseník Range, the Beskids, the White Carpathians and the New Castles Mountains. A natural border between Moravia and Bohemia is made by the Bohemian-Moravian Highland. The longest river is the Vltava River. Other important rivers are the Elbe, the Morava, the Thaya and the Oder. Two glacial lakes can be found in the Czech Republic - Černé and Čertovo in the Šumava. The climate is continental, mild; the warmest area is in South Moravia.

Natural beauties: mountains, Czech Paradise, Czech Switzerland, rocks in Prachov or Adršpach, Boubín Forest, Macocha Abbys etc., old castles (Karlštejn, Kost, Křivoklát, Trosky, Prague Castle) historical towns (Český Krumlov, Prague), spas with its healing springs: Carlsbad, Mariánské (Marienbad), Františkovy spas. Some of these sights are under the protection of UNESCO.

One of our most important raw materials is coal. Black coal is to be found mainly in Ostrava Coal Basin and in the area of Kladno, although brown coal is to be found in North Bohemia Coal Basin and in Western Bohemia in the Sokolov Basin. There are also miner deposits of iron ore, uranium, oil etc. The rich deposits of kaolin and clay are important for the ceramics and glass industries. The Czech Republic is traditionally an industrial country. The most important industries are: engineering, chemical industry, food industry, textile industry, metallurgy etc. Fertile lowlands can be found in the valleys of big rivers. The main agricultural products are wheat, maize, sugar beet, grapes, hops and fruit. In animal production the most important are cattle-breeding and pig-breeding. South Bohemia is particularly rich in ponds and known for carp-breeding.

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