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THE HUMAN BODY. ILNESSES, AT THE DOCTORS, HOSPITALS

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THE HUMAN BODY. ILNESSES, AT THE DOCTORS, HOSPITALS

The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is made up of many different types of cells that together create tissues, which are the basis of organ system. Study of the human body structure is called the anatomy. It is important to mention that our bodies change throughout our lives.

The surface of the body is covered by a layer of skin. Under the skin there is fatty tissue. We should mention that the male complexion is not fine as women complexion. Inside the body are organs. Some are in pairs and some are individual. The human body is supported by skeleton. Individual bones serve to attach the muscles. Bones are connected by joints. Among the most important bones are for example skull, spine, ribs, hip-bone, thigh-bone.

We can divide the human body into head, trunk and limbs (arms, legs). Head is the upper part of our body. It consists of skull which protects the brain – center of nervous system. We have two ears. Thanks to them we can hear. Eyes are combination of eyelids, eyelashes and ball of the eye. Above the eyes, eyebrows can be found. Sight is one of the most important senses. Nose consists of nostrils and it is important for respiration and olfactory sense. Under the nose there is mouth, which is made up of lips, teeth and gums and tongue. Tongue is the center of sense of taste. On head we can also find cheeks – formed by muscles and cheekbones, and hair. Men usually have facial hair in lower part of face such as beard or stubble.
Head is connected to the trunk by neck. Most vital organs are housed within the torso. In the upper part – in our chest – the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage. Heart pumps blood through the body, which is carried away by the arteries. Arteries transport oxygen. Unoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins. Abdomen (lower part) contains of stomach (breaks down partially digested food via gastric acid), liver (produces bile necessary for digestion), large and small intestines (extract nutrients from food), gallbladder (stores and concentrates bile), kidneys (produce urine), bladder (storage the urine). The pelvic area houses male or female reproductive organs.
Limbs can be divided into arms and legs. Arms can be found in the upper body and are connected to trunk by shoulders. It can be divided into the upper arm, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow, the forearm which extends from the elbow to the hand, wrist and the hand. Hands are made of fingers (little finger, ring finger, middle finger, index finger, thumb) and palms. The human leg includes hip, thigh, knee, calf, ankle and the foot. Foot is made up of heel, instep and toes. As the hand has five fingers, foot has five toes (little toe, ring toe, middle toe, index toe, thumb toe). Each toe and finger have a nail at the end.

The human body has a natural defense system against diseases. Various bacteria and micro-organisms are dangerous invaders, who attempt to weaken and destroy our body. The most important for the defense of the human body are the white blood corpuscles. There are also red ones which transport the oxygen. Sometimes our immune system isn’t strong enough to protect us and we become ill.

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