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AJ-2-The-concept-of-sport-and-physical-education

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2) THE CONCEPT OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

SPORT

Historical Review
Physical activities were always a part of human leisure activity. Those that held first place among primitive people were activities of warlike nature and of hunting. In time of peace, dance and recreational pastimes took place. The ancient Greeks admired the beauty of human body, and the Romans loved military and gladiatorial games and professional exhibitions. The middle Ages were famous for their knight tournaments and religious festivals.

What does SPORT mean nowadays?

Definition of sport used in the dictionary says: SPORT is an outdoor or indoor game, competition, or activity needing physical effort and skill and usually carried on according to rules.

Some people say that sport is a physical activity governed by rules and played by individuals seeking to outperform opponents, while others can understand sport as organized spontaneous exercises or games, or as a competitive or non-competitive process through which an individual obtains physical skills, mental relaxation and bodily fitness.

Sport gives people enjoyment, happiness, friendship, satisfaction, health, fitness, popularity, recognition, the feeling of victory and success, but on the other hand, it may be boring, cause sadness, sorrow, disappointment, fatigue, exhaustion, injuries, illness, and in some cases even death.

CATEGORIZATION OF SPORT

Sport can be categorized from various standpoints. We can distinguish various categories in sport activities according to:

  • the purpose, aim or objective of the sport: 1) recreational sport/ sport for all, competitive sport, elite sport/ top performance sport, 2) amateur sport, professional sport

  • the sport facility or environment used: e.g. indoor sports, outdoor sports, water sports, underwater sports, aquatics, air sports, sports on the ice, track and field events in athletics, street sports, school sport

  • the equipment or gear used: e.g. racquet sports/ games, technical sports, motor sports, cycling sports, skiing sports, para sports, ball games, goal games, equestrian (horse riding), shooting sports

  • the abilities and health of participants: sport for the disabled

  • the number of participants: individual sport, team sport

  • the sex (gender) of participants: men’s/ male sport, women’s/ female sport

  • the age of participants: sport of children, junior sport, senior sport, sport of veterans

  • the participants’ approach to sport: active sport, passive sport (spectators)

  • the required courage, physical exertion and highly specialized gear: extreme sports, action sports, adrenaline sports

  • the usual, typical or prevailing season of practising the sport: summer sports, winter sports, all-season sports

  • the regional criteria: local sport, regional sport, national sport, traditional sport, Olympic sport, worldwide/ global sports

  • the importance, popularity and publicity in media: major sports, minor sports

  • the way of performance: contact sports, combat sports, Martial arts

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