2) History of Great Britain I.
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Normandy and they offered him hiding from Vikings) promised the English crown to the Duke of
Normandy (William)
1066 – Edward died without a heir and anglo-saxon nobility named Harold the new king (because they
didn’t want William on the throne). William invaded with an army in the time that Harold was fighting the
Vikings in the north. Harold had to go back south to fight William.
1066 – Battle of Hastings – Harold chose a good spot and fortified on a hill. William attacked but did not
succeed so he decided to change the tactics and fake a retreat. Harold came after him and it all ended
with a massacre (Harold died in the battle and William honoured him by building a church). William
became the rightful king – and we know him as William the Conqueror.
William build the Tower of London
By mixing of the French nobility with old English speaking people was created the English we know now.
Richard I. – “the lion heart” took part in the third crusade and defended his French territories.
His younger brother John lost those territories and was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 (which
limited the king’s power significantly).
1349 – An epidemic of the Black Death spread across England and killed perhaps third of its population.
15th century - Wars of the Roses - Two great English noble houses wanted the crown: the Lancastrians
with their symbol of a red rose and the Yorkists with their white rose. The last battle of the War of the
Roses in 1485 ended thirty years of civil war in England at Bosworth Field when Lancastrian Henry Tudor’s
army defeated the larger force of the Yorkist Richard III. However, by marrying the Yorkist princess
Elizabeth, Henry brought the warring families together and brought peace to the country.