21) Australia, New Zealand
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21. Australia, New Zealand
AUSTRALIA
general information
o Australia is a continent between the Indian and the Southern Pacific Ocean
o It is the smallest continent in the world, but the world's sixth largest country
o Much of the centre of Australia is flat, but there are some mountains of which Uluru (Ayers
Rock) is the best known
o 20 million inhabitants
o Capital: Canberra
history
o Aborigines were the original Australians
o Different languages and cultures varied between the groups, depending on which part of the
country they lived in
o In 1606, European explorers discovered the huge island, but it wasn't until 1770, that British
Captain James Cook made a scientific voyage to the South Pacific and mapped Australia - he
was the first to claim the country for Britain
o The British decided to use its new country as a penal colony, meaning they would keep
prisoners there
o Thousands of men and women were brought to Australia as prisoners
o Unfortunately, the new settlers disrupted the lifestyle of the original habitants and many
became sick from new illnesses and died
o In 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was founded and the six colonies (New South Wales,
Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania) federated as sovereign
states
political system
o A federation in 1901 united the six states under a single constitution
o It now is a federal constitutional monarchy that recognizes the British monarch represented by
Governor - generral
flag
o The Australian flag is dark blue, with the flag of the United Kingdom in the upper left corner
o The lower left corner contains a seven pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star. Each of