AJ maturitní okruhy

The Czech Republic is situated in the centre of Europe. It borders with Poland in the north, with Slovakia in the east, with Austria in the south and with Germany in the west. It is divided into three parts: Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The head of Czech Republic is the president. His name is Milos Zeman. National symbols of the Czech Republic are the Czech anthem. It is the song “Where my home is” by Josef Kajetán Tyl. The national flag consists of a white and a red stripe and a blue triangle. The Czech emblem is a coat of arms. There is twotailed lion with golden crown and Moravian and Silesian eagle. The total population of the Czech Republic is about 10 million people. Density of population is 134 inhabitants per one square kilometre. Majority of inhabitants are Czechs, but other nationality groups, such as Polish, Slovaks, Germans, Russians or Vietnamese live here too. The official language is Czech. The Czech Republic is a mostly hilly country. The highest mountains are Krkonoše mountains with the highest peak Sněžka (1602m). Other mountains are Jizerské mountains, Lužické mountains, Orlické mountains. In Moravia it is Bohemian – Moravian Highland, Jeseníky and Beskydy mountains with the highest peak Lysá Hora (1324m). In the Czech Republic there are a lot of rivers, the longest rivers are the Vltava and the Labe in Bohemia and the Morava and the Odra in Moravia. In the Czech Republic there aren’t any natural lakes, but there are a lot of ponds especially in South Bohemia. For example Lipno or Orlík on the river Vltava, or Vranov on the river Dyje.

Climate in the Czech republic is mostly mild and continental, with cold winters and quite warm summers. The Czech Republic is an industrial country. The main industries are engineering, metallurgy, chemical, food and textile industries. The agriculture is also developed enough to feed the population and to export its products too. The crops grown in the Czech Republic are wheat, oat, barley, sugar-beet, hops, fruit and vegetables and also grapes in South Moravia. As for raw materials, the most important is black and brown coal. There are also rich deposits of kaolin and clay, which are important for ceramics and glass industries.

Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs and that’s why there are a lot of spas in our country. The most popular are Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně, Luhačovice and many others. Among the most beautiful historical towns are Prague, Tábor, Český Krumlov, Telč, Olomouc, Brno and many others. A lot of visitors come to see old castles and mansions, such as Karlštejn, Konopiště, Hluboká or Lednice.

Foreign visitors are mostly interested in Prague. Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic and it is its administrative, economic and culture centre. It’s the seat of the President and the seat of the government. The Czech Republic is a lovely country with a lot of natural beauties and a lot of wonderful towns. Among the most beautiful natural places are the Czech Paradise, the Prachov Rocks, the Děčín walls, Czech Switzerland, the Boubín virgin forest, Macocha abyss, the Jeseníky mountains and so on.