Australia, New Zealand
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In Australia are found deposits of iron, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, gas, uranium etc.
Australia is a very important exporter of raw materials. The biggest industrial centres are in Sydney and Melbourne that lie in the New South Wales. New South Wales is the principal producer of minerals.
THE PEOPLE
The majority of Australia are of European origin (especially of British origin). About 1,5 percent of all people living there are the aboriginal inhabitants. The majority of the people live in the cities on the coast.
Obligatory school attendance is to up the age of 15 (in Tasmania up to 16). The basic and secondary schools are free of charge.
The official language is English and the unit of currency is one Australia dollar ($A).
The religion is mostly Christianity.
THE HISTORY OF COLONISATION
The first immigrants were the Australian black people who came there from south-east Asia 40 000 years ago. In March 1606 the first European - a Spanish captain came there, followed then by Dutch navigators.
In 1770 the British seafarer James Cook began to explore the continent but actual colonisation started 18 years later when a fleet of ships brought the first settlers and convicts from Europe. The first colony was called New South Wales. It was a penal colony first. Gold was discovered there in 1851-1852. This brought about another influx of immigrants.
b) NEW ZEALAND
New Zealand is an insular state in the south-western part of the Pacific. It is about 1600 kilometres south-east of Australia. It covers an area of about 250 00 sq. kilometres. It has also some small territories in the Pacific (e.g. Tokelau, Cook Islands etc.). N.Z. is larger than GB but the density of the population is very low. Its population is about 3,5 million. About 90 percent of the inhabitants are of European origin. The rest are mostly Maoris.
N.Z. consist of two islands: North Island and South Island. Cook Channel separates both islands.
The capital is Wellington. The Queen of England has been the head of N.Z. since 1952. Wellington, the capital, lies on North Island. The biggest city is Auckland situated in the North of North Island.
The surface of the whole island is rather mountainous. The only plain region is in the East of the island. There are several hot springs volcanoes in North Island. Two of them are continually active. In South Island there are lot of lakes of glacial arraigns and in the North Island there are a lot of lakes of volcanic origin.
The largest lake is Taupo the area of which is 606 sq. km. We can find Taupo in North Island. The longest river is the Waitkato and it flows out of Taupo. Many rivers are short and torrential.
The biggest mountains are Mount Cook 3764m high (South Island) and Ruapehu 2700 m high (North Island).
The climate is mild with periods of rains (called the rains). The summers are warm with long sunshine and the winters are mild especially in the North Island. The snow falls only in the amphibian. Neither are there any beasts of pray.