London
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London
The capital of the UK
Nickname - The Big Smoke – massive air pollution (especially in the first half of the 20th century – because of the coal-fired power stations inside the city – gradually they were moved out of the city or replaced)
Location
In the south-east of England and stands on the River Thames
Brief history
Was founded by Romans – Londinium
1066 William the Conqueror arrived
Edward the Confessor built his palace in Westminster and established Westminster Abbey
1599 – Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre was opened
After 2WW was destroyed – today the face of London is changed
Population
About 8,5 million residents
Parts
The City of London – with its own Lord Mayor
Financial centre
Many banks and financial institutions
The City of Westminster – Parliament and Government
The West end – used to be a poor part
Theatres, parks
Sights and monuments
Trafalgar Square – Admiral Horatio Nelson, who defeated the French army (Napoleon Bonaparte) in 1805 – Battle of Trafalgar
Tower Bridge – over the River Thames
The Tower of London – the famous prison, also was as royal residence, zoo
Home for Crown Jewels
Beefeaters – yeoman Warders (=strážci Toweru) – guided tours
Buckingham Palace – official residence and workplace of Her Royal Highness the Queen Elizabeth II. And her royal family
London Eye – 135metres tall Ferris wheel
Westminster Palace - Big Ben and Houses of Parliament
Westminster Abbey – gothic cathedral, the oldest religious buildings,
tradition place of the coronations and most British monarchs are buried here and royal weddings
Downing Street 10 – official home of British Prime Ministers
St. Paul’s Cathedral – known for its Whispering Gallery
Piccadilly Circus – London’s hub, five major roads converge here
statue of the Greek God of love Eros
Institutions
The Queen has official residence in Buckingham Palace
British Parliament is in Westminster Palace
Prime Minister – 10 Downing Street
Public transport
6 international airports, Heathrow is the third busiest airport in the world.
The Tube – has 11 lines
Double decker
Black cab – taxi
The City
The oldest part of London around St. Paul. There are many banks (the most important is Bank of England) and offices here.
Great Fire 1666
ended the plague, but it also destroyed much of the city
Although people returned to live in the rebuilt city after the plague and the Great Fire, there were never again so many Londoners living in the city centre.
The Houses of Parliament
are in gothic style but were built after the old building had burnt down. The only part, which escaped the fire, was Westminster Hall. There is also a famous clock-tower with Big Ben.
Whitehall
The street where the government offices are
Horse Guards Parade takes place here.
National Gallery
on the Trafalgar Square
greatest collection of Western paintings from 13th century till now
The British Museum
the largest museum in the world
Greenwich