The respiratory system
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REVIVING A PERSON WHO HAS STOPPED BREATHING
People saved from drowning and victims of shock frequently experience apnoea (cessation of
breathing). If breathing stops, a person will lose consciousness after 4 or 5 minutes. Brain damage is likely to occur after 7 to 8 minutes and after 10 minutes the person will die. That’s why is necessary to start artificial ventilation.
EXERCISES
A. REVIEW ACTIVITIES
1. What is meant by ventilation?
2. What are the main parts of the upper respiratory system?
3. What are the main parts of the lower respiratory system?
4. Describe the trachea.
5. What is tracheotomy?
6. What do you know about frequency of breathing?
7. What is meant by the vital capacity of the lungs?
8. Explain sleep apnoea.
9. Describe emergency first aid in a person who has stopped breathing.
10. Which sports would you recommend to children suffering from asthma?
11. In what ways is tobacco addictive?
12. Why should a pregnant or breastfeeding woman refrain from smoking?
13. Do you think smoking should continue to be banned from public places?
Why or why not?
B. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The lungs are paired organs within the ________________ .
2. The bronchial tree consists of primary, secondary and segmental __________, as well as
microscopic __________________ .
3. Bronchioles terminate in _______________________ .
4. Quiet inspiration is produced by expansion of the thorax and by contraction of ______
and external intercostal muscles.
5. Breathing is controlled by the centres in the ___________________ oblongata.
6. _____________________ contains C-shaped rings of cartilage.
7. The vocal cords are contained within the _________________________
8. The risk of developing _________________ is 20 times greater in people who
regularly smoke.
VOCABULARY
air-borne infection kapénková infekce
air-sack plicní sklípek
alveolus, pl. alveoli alveol, plicní sklípek
anthracosis pulmonary antrakóza plic, zaprášení plic uhelným
prachem
apn(o)ea apnoe, krátkodobé zastavení dýchání
artificial respiration umělé dýchání
attack of asthma astmatický záchvat
breath dech
breath sounds šelesty
breathing dýchání
breathlessness ztížené dýchání, dušnost
bronchiole průdušinka
bronchus, pl. bronchi bronchus, průduška
bronchitis bronchitida, zánět průdušek
carbon dioxide oxid uhličitý
cartilage chrupavka
cough kašlat
drain drenážovat, odvádět
drainage drenáž
emphysema emfyzém, rozedma
exertion námaha
expire vydechovat
fibrositis zánět vazivové tkáně
fit of coughing záchvat kašle
folic acid kyselina listová
hay fever senná rýma
huffing metoda nuceného výdechu
inhale vdechovat, inhalovat
inhaler inhalátor
inheritance dědičnost
inspire vdechovat
larynx hrtan
laryngitis laryngitida, zánět hrtanu
mucosa sliznice
mucus hlen, sliz
oxygen kyslík
passegeway průchod, spojovací chodba
percussion poklep
pharynx hltan
pollen pyl
pollen fever senná rýma
pulmonary fibrosis fibróza plic
respirator dýchací přístroj, respirátor, kyslíkový přístroj