Předmět Soil and Plant Relationship - Mgr. (AHI02E)

Na serveru studentino.cz naleznete nejrůznější studijní materiály: zápisky z přednášek nebo cvičení, vzorové testy, seminární práce, domácí úkoly a další z předmětu AHI02E - Soil and Plant Relationship - Mgr., Fakulta agrobiologie, potravinových a přírodních zdrojů, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze (ČZU).

Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Cíl

Main goal of the subject is the knowledge of nutrients transformation in the soil, their uptake by plants and the relationship with the environment. Suitable nutrition of plants plays very important role in the crop development, the formation of yield and the quality of agricultural products. Classes are mostly focused on definition of soil fertility and factors playing an important role in soil fertility formation and on the cycles of macro and micro elements in soils affecting their mobility immobilisation and losses. The importance of soil fertility for the plant availability of nutrients as well as disorders in element uptake are discussed too. Methods of soil tests of main parameters of macronutrients and techniques for recommendation of their rates applied in organic and inorganic fertilizers are practised in laboratories and seminars including comprehensive project of nutrient management.

Osnova

PřednáškaIntroduction to soil-plant and the environment mutual relationshipPlant composition, major, minor ans supporting nutrientsTransport of nutrients through the membraneActive and passive element uptake by plantsRhizosphere and its role in nutrient uptakeEndo and ectomyccorhyze, their interaction with plantsNutrients in solid, liquid and gaseous soil phase, the equilibria and interactionsPrinciples of element sorption in soils, sorption limitationsNutrients cycles in the environment, carbon cycleAvailability of nitrogen and phosphorus for plants, N and P assimilationPotassium, magnesium and calcium relationship in soil, cation exchange capacity, their uptake by plantsMicronutrients, their interactions in soils, availabililty for plants and plant uptakeAvailability of potentially toxic elements for plants, their phytotoxicity and possible transport into food chainAdverse effect of organic toxic elements for plantsCvičeníIntroduction, Safety instructionsThe importance of soil tests, composition of extract solutions,limitations, soil extractionDetermination of soil electroconductivity, and exchangeable pH, the evaluation for growing mediaDetermination of available nutrients, extraction by different extractants, water soluble, mobile and labile poolsDetermination of water soluble, mobile and labile pools of P in soil, the evaluationDetermination of water soluble, mobile and labile pools of K in soil, the evaluationDetermination of water soluble, mobile and labile pools of Mg in soil, the evaluationCriteria for project - nutrient cycles, input dataDecompostion procedures for plant analyses, wet digestionDetermination of N in plant biomassDetermination of P and Mg in plant biomass, the evaluation of element content in plantsSources of nutrients in the environment, their availability and compositionDefence of projects, cycles of N, P, KDefence of project, cycles of Ca, Mg, S, Fe, confirmation

Získané způsobilosti

Znalosti:Student has to understand to the behaviour of nutrients in the soil, their uptake by plants with close relationship to the environment. He has sufficient knowledge about specific factors playing the important role in the soil fertility formation and about macro and micro element cycles in the environment affecting the mobility in soils, uptake by plants and the losses. He has deep knowledge about the principles of soil nutrient availability for plants and general overview about visual element disorders on plant leaves and stems and behavior of toxic compounds in soil plant cycle.Dovednosti:Student is competent to evaluate results of soil tests of main agro-chemical properties and available macronutrients contents and to estimate level of element supply in the investigated soils. He is competent to estimate values of nitrogen needs for plants according to their species and varieties.Kompetence - komunikace:He is capable to work as manager and also senior member of working group. He can communicate with his co-workers by English language and partly in Czech one using professional terminology for this subject. He is capable to present his professional view for specialists and for the general public as well.Kompetence - úsudek:Student is able to evaluate parameters of tested soils and compare them according to designed soil parameters. He evaluates and uses the results of chemical analyses, informatics sources (literature, databases, web sizes) and also research results of this branch of study.

Literatura

ZákladníWild, A. (1988) Russell's soil conditions and plant growth. Longman Scientific Technical, XI. Ed. 991p.Marschner, H.(1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London, 889p.Mengel K., Kirkby E.A. (2004) Principles of plant nutrition. 5th edition, Springer ISBN 978-1-4020-0008-9DoporučenáMengel K., Kirkby E.A. (1987) Principles of plant nutrition. International Potash Institute, Bern, 687 s., ISBN 3-906-535-03-7Salisbury F.B., Ross C.W. (1992) Plant Physiology. 4th ed., Wadsworth Publishing, Belmont, California, 682 s., ISBN0-534-15162-0Adriano D. C. (2001) Trace elements in terrestrial environments. Springer-Verlag, New York, 867 s., ISBN 0-387-98678-2Lambers H., Chapin III F. S., Pons T. L. (1998) Plant physiological ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 540 s., ISBN 0-387-98326-0Waisel Y., Eshel A., Kafkafi U. (1996) Plant roots, the hiden half. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1002 s., ISBN 0-8247-9685-3

Požadavky

none

Garant

prof. Ing. Pavel Tlustoš, CSc.