Předmět Hydrology for NRE - Mgr. (AIA08E)

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Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Cíl

Hydrology is a science of the terrestrial part of the water cycle. Its principles and techniques are taught in this subject in a quantitative manner, regarding their applications in the agricultural water management and in finding proper balance between agricultural production, other human activities and the need to protect natural resources and the environment. Individual components of the water cycle ("hydrological processes") and their interferences will be characterised and quantified through the mass, momentum and energy balance, the probability of exceedance of various events, the travel-time and travel-path concepts, the constitutive relations between fluxes and velocities on one hand and their driving forces on the other hand, as well as other basic concepts, all treated on various spatial (point - soil profile - response unit - hillslope - catchment - region) and temporal (seconds to centuries) scales. Water quality generation and sediment transport processes will be also treated quantitatively. As far as possible, the students will be familiarised with new concepts and techniques. Only limited attention will be paid to soil watwer, groundwater and hydrologic models, as these are covered by other subjects.

Osnova

PřednáškaSubject of hydrologyWater balance and averagingQuick hydrological processes: precipitation, interception, depression storageQuick hydrological processes: infiltrationQuick hydrological processes - surface runoff I: General notions, steady uniform channel flowQuick hydrological processes - surface runoff I: Overland flowHydrological processes with diurnal periodicity: Astronomic frameworkHydrological processes with diurnal periodicity: Evaporation 1Hydrological processes with diurnal periodicity: Evaporation 2, snowmeltQuick hydrological processes - Surface runoff II: Steady non-uniform channel flow, non-steady channel flow, rating curvesQuick hydrological processes - Sediment erosion, transport and depositionPrecipitation-runoff relationsPrecipitation-evaporation relationsRunoff and water quality generationCvičeníHydrographic networkTopographic indexWater balancePrecipitation averaging and probabilitySteady uniform channel flowOverland flowMid-semester testSolar radiation, evaporation IEvaporation IIPan evaporation, probability of exceedance, plotting positionCurrent meter data processingSediment transportUnit hydrographNRCS Curve Number method

Získané způsobilosti

Znalosti:The student knows in depth the role of water cycle processes; understands the concepts of drainage basin, hydrographic network, stream order, the probability density and probability of exceedance/non-exceedance for hydrological variables, precipitation measurement, mechanisms and laws of interception, depression storage, infiltration (including preferential flow), river flow (including principles of non-uniform and non-steady flow), overland flow, hydrological and hydraulic routing; understands mechanisms and methods of measurement of evaporation, evapotranspiration, snow accumulation and melting, the essence of interflow and baseflow, the role of drainage basin as a transformer of precipitation and evaporation into runoff and groundwater recharge, the role of hydrological response units (HRU), active and contributing zones, the separation of runoff components, the concepts of effective precipitation, direct runoff, linear reservoir, cascade of reservoirs and unit hydrograph, the basic concepts relating to water quality/ecological status of a water body and the regionality of runoff processes.Dovednosti:The student is able to: approximately quantify main water cycle processes and relations among them on various spatial and temporal scales, apply Horton's law of stream numbers and slopes, draw a water divide on the map, quantify drainage basin characteristics, draw longitudinal or transversal stream profiles, compose a water balance equation and work with it, including more complicated cases, statistically process hydrological data series, including the estimation of extremes, work with hyetographs, isohyets, Thiessen polygons and rain intensity-frequency-duration curves, calculate the temporal variation of infiltration, calculate the flow rate in a river bed and on a weir, process current meter measurements, evaluate overland flow variation, work with discharge-rating curves, estimate solar radiation, radiation/energy energy balance, snow melting, evaporation and evapotranspiration, process lysimeter data, separate 2-3 runoff components by analysing the hydrograph falling limb, work with a unit hydrograph, estimate a flood using the curve number method or the rational formula, apply mixing equations and parameterise runoff regionality.Kompetence - komunikace:The student can communicate in English using professional terminology. He/she can work under supervision, in a team, or as a leader. He/she can formulate, discuss and present his/her own opinion, interpret opinions and results of others, communicate information and ideas, specify problems and both propose and implement their solutions.Kompetence - úsudek:The student can recognise and specify basic hydrological characteristics of unknown situations in which he/she may find himself/herself, propose ways of obtaining further information, evaluate and judge these situations and solve the underlying problems. He/she is able to use, check, evaluate and synthesise the work of other persons in the branch.

Literatura

ZákladníWard, A. D., Trimble, S.W. 2004. Environmental Hydrology. 2nd ed. CRC Press. p. 475. ISBN 1566706165.Dingman, S. L. 2002. Physical Hydrology. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall. 646 p. ISBN 1577665619.DoporučenáAnderson, M. G. (ed.-in-chief) 2005. Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. 2009, John Wiley & Sons. 5 volumes. p. 3243. ISBN 0471491039.Kirchner, J. W. 2009. Catchments as simple dynamical systems catchment characterization, rainfall-runoff modeling, and doing hydrology backward. Water Resources Research. 45. W02429.Winter, T. C. 2001. The concept of hydrologic landscapes. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 37. 335-350.

Požadavky

None

Garant

Ing. František Doležal, CSc.