Předmět Soil and Chemical Relationship - Mgr. (APA19E)

Na serveru studentino.cz naleznete nejrůznější studijní materiály: zápisky z přednášek nebo cvičení, vzorové testy, seminární práce, domácí úkoly a další z předmětu APA19E - Soil and Chemical Relationship - Mgr., Fakulta agrobiologie, potravinových a přírodních zdrojů, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze (ČZU).

Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Cíl

The course gives advanced knowledge of soil chemistry, utilizing preliminary knowledge of general chemistry and soil science. The course is concerned with soil chemical processes and appropriate theoretical approaches to the solution of said processes. Practice is concentrated on advanced analytical techniques and computer simulations of chemical processes in the soil.

Osnova

PřednáškaIntroduction to subject, problems, elemental composition of soil, geochemical cycles of macro- and micro-elementsMineral part of the soil, Pauling´s rules for stability of mineralsMajor soil clay mineralsSoil organic matterDissolved organic matter, ecological functionsSoil reaction and its environmental impactSoil solution, composition, isolation, speciation, solubility of minerals and organic compoundSolubility diagrams, kinetics of soil reactions, application of mathematical modelsSurface of soil particles, surface charge, isoelectric pointAdsorption phenomena in soils, surface complexes, adsorption isothermsIon exchange, equilibrium constants, selectivity, mathematical descriptionRedox processes in soil, Eh-pH diagramsChemistry of aluminium in the soil environment, speciation, toxicityApplication of Soil Chemistry to the solution of the environmental problemsCvičeníSpecification of the work in chemical laboratory, principles of extraction methodsExtraction of selected trace elementsDetermination of selected trace elements by AAS methodPrinciple of extraction of Al ionsExtraction of Al ionsDetermination of Al ions by AAS method and by UV spectrophotometrySpeciation of toxic forms of Al by HPLC methodDetermination of CEC by different methodsDetermination of adsorption isotherms for risk elements and pesticidesEvaluation of adsorption isothermsIsolation of soil solutionDetermination of organomineral binding by IR spectroscopyApplication of UV-VIS spectroscopy in soil chemistryFinal evaluation of analytical data and presentation of the results

Získané způsobilosti

Znalosti:They have deep knowledge on importance of soil chemistry for evaluation of soil production and environment functions. They nave deep knowledge on soil mineral pert, are able to describe kinetics of dissolution a precipitation processes. They have knowledge on importance of soil macro and micro elements and on its chemical forms in soils. They have deep knowledge on amorphous soil minerals, soil clay minerals and on methods of it determination. They have knowledge on soil solution, its sampling and composition as well as on the appropriate mathematical models. They have deep knowledge on soil adsorption processes, interphase reactions and mathematical description of those processes. They have deep knowledge on soil redox processes, on forms and behavior of Al compounds in soils.Dovednosti:The are capable to do laboratory soil testing and they have overview of methods used currently in soil chemistry. They are able to interpret the results of soil chemical analyses. They have deep knowledge on soil sampling methods, soil samples treatment. The have knowledge on soil extraction techniques, laboratory calibration of appropriate apparatuses and preparation and dilution of necessary chemical solutions.Kompetence - komunikace:Students can work under supervision or in a team. They an communicate in Czech language using special soil science terminology correctly. They can formulate, discuss, and present their own opinions. They can present soil information and thoughts in a comprehensive way. They can concretize problems and suggest possible solutions and procedures for soil improvement and conservation and protection.Kompetence - úsudek:Students can work creatively. They can evaluate and apply information about soils from different sources (special literature, documents, databases, internet, etc.). They create opinions using also their own experience and expert knowledge. They are capable of effectively organizing tasks for employees and providing adequate evaluation of their work.

Literatura

ZákladníPiccolo A. (1996) Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier s., ISBN 0-444-81516-3.Sparks D.L. (1995) Environmental Soil Chemistry. Academic Press San Diego, 260 s., ISBN 0-12656445-0Sposito G. (1989) The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 277s., ISBN 0-19-504615-3.DoporučenáBonneau M. et Souchier B. (1979) Pédologie. 2. Constituants et propriétés du sol. Masson, Paris, 457 s. ISBN 2-225-62931-5Brady N.C. et Weil R.R. (1999) The Nature and Properties of Soils. Simon & Schuster, New Persey, 880 s, ISBN 0-13-852444-0Duchaufour Ph. (1991) Pedologie. Mason, Paris, 289 s., ISBN 2-225-82421-5Němeček J. et al. (1990) Pedologie a paleopedologie, Academia Praha, 546 s., ISBN 80-200-0153-0Piccolo A. (1996) Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier s., ISBN ....Scheffer F. et Schachtschabel P. (1989) Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, 490 s., ISBN 3-432-84772-6Sine (1990) Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. FAO, Roma, 66 s., ISBN 92-5-100508-7Sine (1992) Réferentiel pédologique. INRA, Paris, 220 s. ISBN 2-7380-0410-5, ISSN 11503912Sine (1994) Keys to Soil Taxonomy. USDA, Soil Conservation service, 306 sSine (1998) World Reference Base for Soil Resources.FAO, Roma, 88 s. ISBN 92-5-104141-5

Požadavky

none

Garant

prof. Ing. Josef Kozák, DrSc., dr. h. c.