Předmět Obecná psychologie (specializační obor) (PSD_OPS)

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Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Cíl

Specializační obor: Obecná psychologie (garanti: prof. PhDr. Mojmír Svoboda, CSc., prof. PhDr. Josef Švancara, CSc., doc. PhDr. Mojmír Tyrlík, CSc., doc. PhDr. Tomáš Urbánek, Ph.D.)Tento předmět u studentů oboru obecná psychologie zachovává témata, která již byla zkoušena v rámci předmětu Teorie a metodologie psychologie, ale u těchto studentů se předpokládá mnohem hlubší a komplexnější porozumění těmto poznatkům a jejich precizní uplatnění ve výzkumné práci. Student musí prokázat znalost modelů a teorií psychologie, a to jak klasických, tak nových směrů v současné psychologii. Tyto modely a teorie musí být schopen aplikovat při řešení svých výzkumných problémů, zejména své disertační práce. Musí znát filosofická a metodologická východiska výzkumné práce musí je dokázat aplikovat při řešení svého výzkumného problému.

Osnova

General psychology:Philosophical Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology: The Emergence of Psychology; The Merging of Philosophy and Physiology into Modern Psychology; The Diverging Perspectives of Modern PsychologyHistory of Psychology: Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology; From Associationism to Behaviorism; Gestalt psychologyResearch Methods in Cognitive Psychology: Goals of Research; Distinctive Methods of Research; Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology; Fields Within Cognitive PsychologyBiological Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Organization of the Nervous System; The Central Nervous System: The Brain and the Spinal Cord; Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain; The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Cerebral Cortex; Hemispheric Specialization; Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Cortex; Association Areas; Information Processing in the Nervous System; Structural Components: Neurons and Glial Cells; Conduction of Information Within Neurons; Communication Between Neurons; Common NeurotransmittersAttention and Consciousness: Preconscious Processing; Controlled Versus Automatic Processing; Processes Habituation; Selective Attention; Vigilance and Signal Detection; Search; Divided Attention;Theories or Attention: Filter and Bottleneck Theories; Attentional-Resource Theories; Additional Considerations in Attention; Neurocognitive Findings on Attention and Consciousness; Attention and PerceptionPerception: Depth Perception; Perceptual Constancies; Deficits in Forms and Pattern Perception; Gestalt Approaches to Form PerceptionTheories or Perception: Constructive Perception Direct Perception; Synthesizing the Two Theories; A Computalional Theory of Perception; Spatiotemporal Boundary-Formation TheoryTheoretical Approaches to Pattern Recognition: Bottom-up Theories; Top-down Influences on Perception; Comprehension ProcessesAuditory Perception: Speech Perception; Basic Facts About Speech; Theorelical Approaches to Sérech; Perception Is Speech Perception Special?Knowledge Representation: Mental Representation of Knowledge;Representations of Declarative Knowledge: Words Versus Picture; Mental Imagery; Dual-Code Hypothesis: Analogical Images Versus SymbolsPropositional Hypothesis: Functional Equivalence: Mental Manipulations of Images; Possible Synthesis: Dual-Code; Kosslyn's Synthesis; Johnson-Laird's Synthesis; Cognitive Maps, Text MapsRepresentations of Declarative Knowledge: Concepts and Schemas; Semantic Network Models; Representations of Procedural Knowledge; The Production and the Production System; Conceptual Dependency; Integrative Models for Representing Declarative and Non/declarative Knowledge; The Connectionist ModelMemory: Exceptional Memory; Deficient and Outstanding Memory; Recall and Recognition; Implicit Versus Explicit Memory ; Model of Memory; The Sensory Store; The Short- Term Store; The Long- Term Store; Working MemoryModel: Procedural, Episodic, and Semantic Memory; Concepts and Schemas: The Structure of Semantic MemoryMemory Processes: Encoding of Information; Initial Encoding of Information for Brief Storage and Temporary Use; Forms of Encoding for Long- Term StorageForgetting Information from Working Memory; Interference Theory; Decay TheoryTransferring Information From Working Memory to Long-Term Storage; Rehearsal; Organization of Information; Mnemonic DevicesDevelopment of Memory: Differences in Metacognitive ProcessesRetrieval: Difficulties in Studying Retrieval Processes; Retrieval From Short-Term Memory; Effects of Prior Knowledge on Encoding and Retrieval; Effects of Subsequent Knowledge on Retrieval; Context Effects of Encoding and RetrievalLanguage: General Properties of Language: Semantics and SyntaxLanguage Acquisition: Stages of Language Acquisition; Theoretical Explanations of Language Acquisition; Cognition and Language AcquisitionSemantics: Theories of Meaning; Relationships Among Concepts: Basic Levels, Explanations, and Inferences; Semantics and Other Aspects of LanguageSyntax: The Syntax Tendency; Parsing and Phrase Structure; Relationships Among Syntactical Structures; Relationships Between Syntactical and Lexical StructuresLanguage in Context: Linguistic Relativity and. Linguistic Universal; Language in a Social Context; Speech Acts; Conversational Postulates; Language in a Cognitive Context; Scripts; Slips of the Tongue; Metaphorical LanguageProblem solving : The Problem-Solving Cycle; Hindrances to Problem Solving; Mental Sets, Entrenchment, and Fixation; Negative Transfer; Positive Transfer; IncubationCreativity: Psychometric Approaches; Cognitive Approaches; Personality and Motivational ApproachesDecision Making and Reasoning > Classical Decision Theory; Satisficing; Elimination by Aspects; Heuristics and BiasesDeductive Reasoning: Conditional Reasoning; Syllogistic ReasoningInductive Reasoning: Reaching Causal Inferences; Categorical Inferences; Reasoning by AnalogyIntelligence; Structure of Intelligence: A Factor-Analytic Approach; Early Factorial Models; Multidimensional ModelsProcesses of Intelligence: An Information-Processing Approach; Nettelbeck: Inspection Time; Jensen: Choice Reaction Time; Hunt: Lexical Access Speed and Speed of Simultaneous Processing; Sternberg: The Componential Theory and Complex Tasks; Simon: Complex Problem SolvingIntegrative Approaches to Intelligence; Gardner: Multiple Intelligences; Sternberg: The Triarchic TheoryEmotions and the Topography of the MindFeeling TheoriesEmotions and Intentional ObjectsPsychological and Evolutionary ApproachesCognitivist TheoriesPerceptual TheoriesThe Ontology of EmotionsRationality and EmotionsEmotions and Self-knowledgeMorality and EmotionsLiterature:Sternberg, Robert J. Kognitivní psychologie : Cognitive psychology (Orig.). Vyd. 1. Praha : Portál, 2002. 636 s. : i. ISBN 80-7178-376-5.Solso, Robert L. Cognitive psychology. 5th ed. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 1998. xx, 601 s. ISBN 0-205-27418-8.Eysenck, Michael W. A handbook of cognitive psychology. London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1984. ISBN 0-86377-016-9.Weiner, Bernard. Human motivation. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. ISBN 0-03-055226-5.Research methodology in the life, behavioural and social science. Edited by Herman J. Adér - Gideon J. Mellenbergh. 1st ed. London : SAGE Publications, 1999. xvii, 393. ISBN 0-7619-5883-5.Essays in cognitive psychology. Hove : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1993.Gavin, Helen. The essence of cognitive psychology. 1st pub. London : Prentice-Hall Europe, 1998. xi, 215 s. ISBN 0-13-796459-5.Weiner, Bernard. An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1986. xi, 304 s. Springer series in social psychology. ISBN 0-387-96312-.

Literatura

Kognitivní psychologie. Edited by Michael W. Eysenck - Mark T. Keane, Translated by Miroslav Filip. Vyd. 1. Praha: Academia, 2008. 748 s. ISBN 978-80-200-1559-4. infoMIOVSKÝ, Michal. Kvalitativní přístup a metody v psychologickém výzkumu. Vyd. 1. Praha: Grada, 2006. 332 s. ISBN 80-247-1362-4. infoKvalitativní přístup a metody ve vědách o člověku IV. Edited by Michal Miovský - Ivo Čermák - Vladimír Chrz. 1. vyd. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Filozofická fakulta, 2005. 447 s. ISBN 80-244-1159-8. infoSEDLÁKOVÁ, Miluše. Vybrané kapitoly z kognitivní psychologie :mentální reprezentace a mentální modely. Vyd. 1. Praha: Grada, 2004. 252 s. ISBN 80-247-0375-0. infoŠVANCARA, Josef . Emoce, motivace, volní procesy. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2003. 142 s. Psychologie. ISBN 80-86633-11-X. infoSTERNBERG, Robert J. Kognitivní psychologie. Translated by František Koukolík. Vyd. 1. Praha: Portál, 2002. 636 s. ISBN 80-7178-376-5. infoDAMASIO, Antonio R. Descartesův omyl :emoce, rozum a lidský mozek. Vyd. 1. Praha: Mladá fronta, 2000. 259 s. ISBN 80-204-0844-4. info

Garant

PhDr. Zdenka Stránská, Ph.D.

Vyučující

prof. PhDr. Josef Švancara, CSc.prof. PhDr. Tomáš Urbánek, Ph.D.