Dialects of english
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DIALECTS IN ENGLISH
- lingua franca = the dominant language in business, diplomacy
- British and American division
- localized dialect
American differences:
- pronunciation – tomatoes, vase, vitamins, laboratory
- spelling
- vocabulary
- vowel sound – British longer sound (z krku)
- word stress
- last syllable miss out – British – laboratory
- centre/center
- realize/realise
USA
- Webster – 1st American dictionary – chtěl aby se odlišoval od britského
- puritans x people in villages
- accent changes
- ,,frozen in time”, took nothing from native American languages
X Britain entitlement - new words from other languages
- Shakespeare English = American, anglická se vyvíjela, americká zamrzla a je zastaralá
- national identity
- 19th century – population massively increased – place of new beginning
- melting pot – Germans, Russians, Italians
- immigrants wanted to speak better English
- ranch, lasso, cactus – Spanish word – farming – west – expansion → new words
- salon = hotel, poker - bluff
- Boston tea party 1775 – guys dressed as native Americans – sense od identity, culture
- GB was built on money from colonies
- political protest against British empire – colonists dumped tea into harbor
- Mark Twain – Huckleberry Finn
Spelling
- different because of national identity – independence
- very few words Americans picked from Indians X british English evolves more (přebírání slov)
- zebra
- accents: Standard North American English
- immigration background
- class is less important, region and race are more important
,,life just be that way I guess” – Afro-American English
- slaves – couldn’t speak their language, because then they could rebel against slavers – language disappeared
- they developed own way of speaking
- double negatives - ,,we don’t need no education”
- dialects often relate to race
- similarity of slangs, dialect, grammar forms, missing prepositions
- jewish immigrant background
- pigeon English – mixing of cultures, business, Chinese
BRITAIN
- everything is about social class – the way you speak, what is your name, the school you go to..
- BBC – most common accent, = Queens English
- Cockney – sound of ,,bow bells”, similar to Essex accent
- long strong A
-,,Landon” ,,batter”
- rhyming slang – came from London – port – slavery – black market – slang
- street guys didn’t want policemen to understand