Queen Victoria - the Nineteenth Century
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Queen Victoria – the Nineteenth Century
Britain – the workshop of the world
The economy shifted from agriculture to industry and trade = the industrial revolution
England was the first industrialized country on the world
The steep population growth = more people moved into the cities = urbanization
England was capable of producing what other countries could not
Had free trade
Very advanced navy (merchant + war ships)
Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, the Great Exhibition (1851)
Victoria became queen when only 18 yo
Reigned for 64 years
Married a German Prince – Albert of Saxe-Coburg
He died quite young at the age of 42
Victoria grieved for a long time (only wore black, avoided the public)
She established the British empire
It reached the greatest expanse under her reign
“Our life in the Highlands”
Her personal diary with drawings – published as a book
Made her more popular
Popular amongst the growing middle class – for the first time they got to know something from the private life of the monarch
By people respected queen
The Great Exhibition
1851, backed mainly by Prince Albert
The first “world’s fair”, with most of the world’s nations exhibiting there
Was held in the Hyde Park in the Crystal Palace – prefabricated glass and steel construction (already showing off the technological advancement)
Victorian Era
Urbanization
The poor lived in the city centre, the wealthy in the suburbs
80% of the population lived in the cities
Suburban rail transit
Industrialisation
Seaside resorts
With the growth of the rail transit, people could go on a “quick holiday”
Famous resorts: Blackpool, Brighton
The new aristocracy
Industrial revolution meant also, that not only landowners were rich
It were the business leaders
Foreign policy
Attacked China and made it allow the British trade opium from India to China
The danger of Russian Expansion resulted in the war in Afghanistan
“Indian Mutiny” – a revolt in India by Indian soldiers, later escalated and worsened the Indian-British relationship
Africa: the British interest was the slave trade
David Livingstone: famous explorer and missionary who explored to Europeans unknown parts of Africa
Egypt: UK was worried, Egypt would block their way to India, therefore they bought shares in the Suez Canal company
Egypt: brought down the British ruler – Britain invaded Egypt and stayed till 1954
Population grew rapidly – new areas of English settlement were:
Canada – original population pushed westwards, then mixed
Australia – aboriginal inhabitants were mostly killed (a few left in deserts)
New Zealand – Maori suffered less than in Australia, but still did