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Queen Victoria - the Nineteenth Century

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Queen Victoria – the Nineteenth Century

  • Britain – the workshop of the world

    • The economy shifted from agriculture to industry and trade = the industrial revolution

    • England was the first industrialized country on the world

    • The steep population growth = more people moved into the cities = urbanization

    • England was capable of producing what other countries could not

    • Had free trade

    • Very advanced navy (merchant + war ships)

  • Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, the Great Exhibition (1851)

    • Victoria became queen when only 18 yo

    • Reigned for 64 years

    • Married a German Prince – Albert of Saxe-Coburg

      • He died quite young at the age of 42

      • Victoria grieved for a long time (only wore black, avoided the public)

    • She established the British empire

    • It reached the greatest expanse under her reign

    • “Our life in the Highlands”

      • Her personal diary with drawings – published as a book

      • Made her more popular

      • Popular amongst the growing middle class – for the first time they got to know something from the private life of the monarch

    • By people respected queen

    • The Great Exhibition

      • 1851, backed mainly by Prince Albert

      • The first “world’s fair”, with most of the world’s nations exhibiting there

      • Was held in the Hyde Park in the Crystal Palace – prefabricated glass and steel construction (already showing off the technological advancement)

  • Victorian Era

    • Urbanization

      • The poor lived in the city centre, the wealthy in the suburbs

      • 80% of the population lived in the cities

      • Suburban rail transit

    • Industrialisation

    • Seaside resorts

      • With the growth of the rail transit, people could go on a “quick holiday”

      • Famous resorts: Blackpool, Brighton

    • The new aristocracy

      • Industrial revolution meant also, that not only landowners were rich

      • It were the business leaders

  • Foreign policy

    • Attacked China and made it allow the British trade opium from India to China

    • The danger of Russian Expansion resulted in the war in Afghanistan

    • “Indian Mutiny” – a revolt in India by Indian soldiers, later escalated and worsened the Indian-British relationship

    • Africa: the British interest was the slave trade

      • David Livingstone: famous explorer and missionary who explored to Europeans unknown parts of Africa

    • Egypt: UK was worried, Egypt would block their way to India, therefore they bought shares in the Suez Canal company

    • Egypt: brought down the British ruler – Britain invaded Egypt and stayed till 1954

    • Population grew rapidly – new areas of English settlement were:

      • Canada – original population pushed westwards, then mixed

      • Australia – aboriginal inhabitants were mostly killed (a few left in deserts)

      • New Zealand – Maori suffered less than in Australia, but still did

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