Předmět Psychological and Social Aspects of Armed Conflicts (ACIS) (JPM631)

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Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Sylabus

 JPM631: Psychological and Social Aspects of Armed Conflicts Syllabus of the course Winter semester 2015/2016 The course will start on 3rd November 2015 and it will then take place every Tuesday six/seven times, with one exception in the end of November that will be specified.  Course leader: Hana Oberpfalzerová The aim of this course is to make the students familiar with key theories and concepts from the area of psychological and social aspects of armed conflicts. The course will have a strongly multidisciplinary character and it will deal with theories from disciplines such as peace and conflict studies, social / political / peace psychology, sociology, anthropology, communication studies and religion / theology. These theories will be illustrated through the presentation of several key case studies. Special attenttion will be paid to ethnic and intractable conflicts and to the role of religion in the violence perpetrated by the "Islamic State". The course will provide the students with new and maybe unexpected perspectives, concepts and tools that will widen their view of armed conflicts and of the possibilities of their analysis and intervention in them. It shall open their mind for a deep understanding of the causes and processes that determine the outbreak, course and settlement of armed conflicts. We will also see that things are sometimes not as they seem to be: be it the fact that an average "good" human can under certain circumstances commit the worst evil, that media play a key role in conflict, that conflicts can be resolved in a nonviolent way, etc. The course will consist of 6 mandatory seminars. For each seminar, the students will have to read about 100 pages and respond to questions concerning these readings. The readings will be either online or on Moodle and the responses are to be uploaded on Moodle as well. During the lessons  the teacher will discuss the texts with students, complementing them with other topics, observations and examples. The course will end with a seventh seminar with voluntary participation that will introduce the students to the methods and practices of researching social and psychological aspects of armed conflicts, in order to help the students understand how they can research these topics themselves. Credit requirements Students must fulfill ALL of the following requirements, otherwise they will not be allowed to pass the course: a)      Participation in the seminar (1 absence allowed) b)      Reading of all mandatory texts and responding to the required questions and/or performing given research tasks (homework) before the seminar, respecting the required number of words. The deadline for sending the responses is the night before the respective seminar at 6 PM so I can read them. If the students send the annotations later than at midnight, they will be penalized by losing 2 point from the total number of points for the given annotation. Moodle of our course: http://dl1.cuni.cz/enrol/index.php?id=4174, use your login to SIS and register for the course. The texts that are not on Moodle are either in free online access or in library databases that you can find at www.pez.cuni.cz c)      Term paper at the end of the course that will deal with psychological and/or social aspects of an armed conflict of the student´s choice (4000 - 5000 words). Every paper must have a conceptual or a theoretical framework. The topic has to be agreed with the course leader in advance per email before 15th December 2015. The students will have one, and only one chance to improve their grade for the paper. Final deadline for the paper is 10th January. Please note that the papers submitted by Czech students have to respect the ČSN ISO 690 norm as promoted by the Jinonice library (with a few exceptions such as the ISBN that I will specify Papers not respecting the citation norm will not be accepted. Plagiarism will be punished by exclusion from the course. Grading:  Annotations: 30% of the final grade (6 annotations, 5 points per annotation, 30 points in total maximum) Term paper: 70% of the grade (70 points) Excellent: 100 - 88 pointsVery good: 87 - 70 pointsGood: 69 - 55 pointsFail: 54 points and less  Program of the course Please note that the readings follow a logical order and build one upon another. It is strongly suggested that you read them in the order that is indicated in the syllabus.  1.       Armed conflict: genesis and escalation a)     Johan Galtung´s theory of conflict: the conflict triangle (attitudes, behaviour, contradiction), manifest and latent conflict, destructive and constructive conflict, conflict transformation. Prejudice. b)     Preconditions for the emergence of armed conflict: three types of violence (structural, cultural, direct), the victim-perpetrator circle c) Lewis Coser´s theory of conflict: realistic/unrealistic conflict, scapegoating and their application to the concept of diversionary war d)    Media and its possible roles in armed conflict Required readings:  GALTUNG, Johan, 1996. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute [Ebrary] úvod - část 2 (The Direct-Structural-Cultural Violence) (1 p.) 2.1 - Conflict Formations (10 pp.)4.1 - Cultural violence - 4.1 a 4.2 (196 - 201) KRIESBERG, Louis a Bruce W DAYTON, 2012. Constructive conflicts: from escalation to resolution. 4th ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. (chapter "Bases of Social Conflicts" - p. 23 - 47) MARKER, Sandra, 2003. Unmet Human Needs. In: BURGESS, Guy; BURGESS, Heidi (eds.). Beyond Intractability [online]. Boulder: Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado. Posted: August 2003 [cit. 2014-11-06] . Available from <http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/human-needs MIALL, Hugh, 2004. Conflict Transformation: Conflict Transformation: A Multi-Dimensional Task. [online] Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management [cit. 2015-10-7]. Available from: http://www.toolkit.ineesite.org/resources/ineecms/uploads/1283/Miall,_H._2004_Conflict_transformation.pdf [1] GAVIN, Alis, 2006. Conflict transformation in the Middle East : Dr. Johan Galtung on Confederation in Iraq and a Middle East Community for Israel/Palestine. Peace Power. Berkeley´s journal of nonviolence and conflict transformation [online]. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 6 - 7 [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from: http://www.calpeacepower.org/0201/PDF/galtung_transcend.pdf VOLKAN, Vamik Djemal, 2009. Bosnia-Herzegovina: Chosen Trauma and Its Transgenerational Transmission. In. Vamik D. Volkan [online] Charlottesville, Va. [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from:  http://www.vamikvolkan.com/Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A-Chosen-Trauma-and-Its-Transgenerational-Transmision.php . (16 pp.) OBERSCHALL, Anthony., 2000. The manipulation of ethnicity: from ethnic cooperation to violence and war in Yugoslavia. Ethnic and racial studies, Vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 982-1001. Framing and Framing Theory. In: California State University Northridge [online] Northridge, CA: California State University Northridge. 8 August 2004 [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from: http://www.csun.edu/~rk33883/Framing%20Theory%20Lecture%20Ubertopic.htm GAVIN, Davie, c2015. Framing theory. In: Mass Communication Theory [online] [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from: http://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/framing-theory/ PARENTI, M. Monopoly Media Manipulation. Mediterranean quarterly [online]. 2002, 13(2): 56   Not mandatory but strongly recommended:  COSER, Lewis A. The functions of social conflict. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, c1956, 188 s. Proposition 3: Realistic and Nonrealistic Conflict (s. 48 - 54)Proposition 11: The Search for Enemies (s. 104 - 110) - mechanismus obětního beránka   2.       The ability of individuals to commit evil. Genocide.  Psychological mechanisms of conflict emergence and escalation: prejudice, stereotypization, enemy image, dehumanization.The ability to commit evil: How can an average individual commit the worst atrocities? Zimbardo´s experiment. Milgram´s experiment, Bauman´s Holocaust.Genocide: perpetrators, victims, helpers and bystanders. Stages of genocide. Mechanisms and factors of the emergence of genocide. The aims of genocide and accompanying atrocities (rape). The concept of "ethnic cleansing" and its aims. The role of propaganda. Psychology of the perpetrators. Case studies of genocide: Bosnia, RwandaRequired readings: OREN, Neta and Daniel BAR-TAL, 2007. The detrimental dynamics of delegitimization in intractable conflicts: The Israeli-Palestinian case. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 111-126. (13 pp.)ZIMBARDO, Philip G., 2004. A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil: Understanding How Good People Are Transformed into Perpetrators . In: MILLER, Arthur G. (ed.). The Social Psychology of Good and Evil. New York: The Guilford Press, pp. 21-50. 29 pp.  [Jinonice]STANTON, Gregory H., c2013. Ten Stages of Genocide. In: Genocide Watch [online] Washington, D.C.: Genocide Watch [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from: http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Ten_Stages_of_Genocide_by_Gregory_Stanton.pdfHINTJENS, Helen. M., 1999. Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 241-286.  3.       Intactable conflicts and their resolution Distinguishing key traits of intractable conflictsThe social-psychological infrastructure of intractable conflicts. Conflict ethos and peace ethos, conflict narrative.Social-psychological changes supporting the resolution of intractable conflictsDiscussion of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Required readings: BAR-TAL, Daniel, 2007. Sociopsychological foundations of intractable conflicts. In: American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 50 no. 11, pp. 1430-1453. [ProQuest, Sage]BAR-TAL, Daniel, 1998. Societal beliefs in times of intractable conflict: The Israeli case. International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 22-50. (only the empirical part: from the part "Israeli-Arab Conflict as Intractable Conflict" till the end) [Ebsco Academic Search Complete]BAR-TAL, Daniel and Eran HALPERIN, 2011. Socio-psychological barriers to conflict resolution. Intergroup conflicts and their resolution: Social psychological perspective. New York: Psychology Press, pp. 217-240.(15 pp.)KRIESBERG, Louis, 2005. Nature, Dynamics and Phases of Intractability. In: CROCKER, Chester; HAMPSON, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela. Grasping the Nettle. Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict. Washington, D. C.: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 65 - 98. (only pp.  68 - 83 - Phases of intractability, Factors shaping phases of intractability) 15 pp.BAR-TAL, Daniel, 2013. Intractable conflicts: Socio-psychological foundations and dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (chapter 9 "Breaking the Cycles of Intractable Conflict", pp. 323 - 366 ) 43 pp.Recommended: DOUCEY, Marie (2011). Understanding the Root Causes of Conflicts: Why It Matters for International Crisis Management. In: International Affairs Review. Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 1 - 11. 11 pp. (?)  4.       The "Islamic state" The many faces of Islam:The Sunna / Shia schismthe four schols of islam Salafism, wahabism, sufism       Islam, political Islam (islamism) and violenceViolent radicalization. Why do European muslims join the Islamic state?Suicide terrorism: psychological causes, its (lack of) grounding in Islam.De-radicalization of jihad combatants Required readings:  WEISS, Bernard., 1978. Interpretation in Islamic law: The theory of ijtihād. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 199-212. (13 p.) CROOKE, Alistair, 2015. You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia. New Perspectives Quarterly, 32(1), 56-70. (15 s.) [Wiley Online Library] Please also watch the interview with the author at this page: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157.html AL-DAWOODY, Ahmed, 2015. ISIS and its Brutality Under Islamic Law. Kansai University Review of Law and Politics, No. 36, pp. 101 - 117.   A collection of texts advocating and refusing stoning in Islam (to be found on Moodle) DALGAARD-NIELSEN, Anja, 2010. Violent Radicalization in Europe: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 797-814 [Taylor and Francis](17 p. ) KRUGLANSKI, Arie. W., GELFAND, Michele. J., BÉLANGER, Jocelyn. J., SHEVELAND, Anna., HETIARACHCHI, Malkanthi and Rohan GUNARATNA, 2014. The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Political Psychology, Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 69-93. [Wiley Online Library]   5.       Conflict settlement and resolution Three stages of peacebuilding: conflict settlement, conflict resolution, reconciliation. Top-down and bottom-up peacebuilding.Social and psychological consequences of armed conflict and obstacles to its resolution: collective guilt, collective victimhood, competitive victimhood. Denial and war heroes. Trauma. Distrust.Transitional justice and dealing with the past. Peace spoilers. Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration of former combatants (DDR).  Requried readings:  LEWICKI, Roy J., 2006. Trust, Trust Development and Trust Repair. In DEUTSCH, Morton; COLEMAN, Peter T.; MARCUS, Eric C. (eds.). The Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Theory and Pratice. San Francisco: Josey Bass. Pp. 92-119. 22 pp. NOOR, Masi, SHNABEL, Nurit, HALABI, S. and Arie NADLER, 2012. When suffering begets suffering the psychology of competitive victimhood between adversarial groups in violent conflicts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 351-374. Available from: http://socsci.tau.ac.il/psy/images/stories/staff-academic/NuritS/Published-version%20of-CV_PSPR.pdf ČORKALO, D., AJDUKOVIĆ, D., WEINSTEIN, H., STOVER, E., ĐIPA, D., & BIRO, M. (2004). Neighbors again? Inter-community relations after ethnic violence. In: STOVER, E., and WEINSTEIN, H. M. (eds.). My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge University Press, pp. 143-161. KNIGHT, Mark, et al., 2004. Guns, camps and cash: Disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion of former combatants in transitions from war to peace. Journal of Peace Research. Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 499-516. 16 pp. STEDMAN, Stephen John, 2000. Spoiler problems in peace processes. In: STERN, Paul C. and DRUCKMAN, Daniel (eds.). International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War [online]. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 178 - 224. [cit. 2015-09-27]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9897.html  (43 pp.) WALTER, Benjamin and Mehran GHADIRI, 2009. Recognising the problems with ‘spoiler theory’ in Iraq, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 20, no. 3-4, pp. 656-680.   6.       Post-Conflict Reconciliation. Final discussion. a)     Definitions and types of reconciliation. Reconciliation as an outcome and as a process. b)     Socioemotional versus institutional reconciliation: factors and mechanisms. : trust, rehumanization, individualization, empathy. Apology. c)      Reconciliation through dealing with the past or through forgetting? d)    Final discussion: Prospects for peace in Syria. Required readings (it is recommended to read the texts in this order): STEPHAN, Walter G. (2008). The Road to Reconciliation. In NADLER, Arie; MALLOY, Thomas E.; FISCHER, Jeffrey D. (eds.). The Social Psychology of Intergroup Reconciliation. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 369 - 394. 25 pp. BAR-TAL, Daniel. (2000). From Intractable Conflict through Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation. Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 351-365. 14 pp. [Wiley Online Library 2013 Full Collection] BOTCHAROVA, Olga (1988). Implementation of track Two Diplomacy: Developing a Model for Forgiveness. In HELMICK, R. G.; PETERSEN, R. L.: Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Religion, Public Policy and Conflict Transformation. Philadelphia: Temple Foundation Press, pp. 279 - 304. 25 pp. CLARK, Janine Natalya, 2009. From negative to positive peace: The case of Bosnia and Hercegovina. Journal of Human Rights, 8(4), 360-384. [EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete] BUCKLEY-ZISTEL, Susanne, 2006. Remembering to Forget: Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda. Africa, Vol. 76, no. 02, pp. 131-150. [EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete] 7.       Methodology for researching social and psychological aspects of armed conflicts. What methods for what type of questions? What does it take to master and use them in practice?  Interview as a research methodQuestionnaires, surveys and experimentsMixed methods of researchPractical aspects and ethical problems of fieldwork in post-conflict zones.  [1]See also LEDERACH, John Paul, October 2003. Conflict Transformation. In: Beyond Intractability [online]. BURGESS, Guy a BURGESS, Heidi (eds.) Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder [cit. 2014-02-15] Dostupné z: <http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/transformation>. The syllabus originally contained this article but the site is down now so I decided to replace it with Miall´s. If you already read Lederach, refer to it. If not, read Miall. I am sorry for this unexpected inconvenience. 

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Mgr. Hana Oberpfalzerová

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Mgr. Hana Oberpfalzerová