Předmět Histologie a embryologie 1 (B82679)
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Sylabus
Literatura
Recommended Literature:Mescher, A.L.: Junqueira´s Basic Histology, Lange, 2010Ross,M.H. - Pawlina,W.: Histology: Text and Atlas , Williams and Wilkins, 2006, 2011Junqueira,L.C. - Carneiro,J.: Basic Histology: A Text and Atlas, Lange, 2005Kuehnel,W.: Pocket Atlas of Cytology, Histology and Microscopic Anatomy, Thieme Publishing Group, 2003 - also available at http://uvi.lf1.cuni.cz/en/thieme-electronic-book-library
Požadavky
DENTISTRY - REQUESTED KNOWLEDGE (exam questions) Cytology. TissuesPreparation of tissues for microscopic examinationStructural organization of the cellCell membrane, structure and functionCell organelles, structure and functionIntercellular junctions, cell surface specializationsCell cycle, mitosis and meiosisEpithelial tissue, overview of the structure and function, classificationSecretory epithelium (endocrine, exocrine - types of secretion) Sensory epithelium - structure and function. MyoepitheliumConnective tissue - general structure and functionExtracellular matrix - ground substance and fibersConnective tissue proper (structure and distribution, cells and their function)Basic structure of the cartilage. Hyaline and elastic cartilagesBasic structure of the bone. Fibrillar and lamellar bonesIntramembranous ossificationEndochondral ossificationComposition of the peripheral bloodErythrocytes, structure and functionLeukocytes - classification, structure and function. LeukogramThrombocytes - development, structure and functionLymphocytes, humoral and cellular immunityMonocytes, mononuclear phagocyte systemErythropoiesisLeukopoiesisSmooth muscle, structure and mechanism of contractionStructure of skeletal muscle. Ultrastructure and function of myofibrilStructure of cardiac muscleGeneral structure of the nerve tissue. Glial cellsNeuron - structure and types of neurons. SynapsesTypes of nerve fibers and their sheaths. Formation of the myelin sheath Microscopical Anatomy (Special Histology)General structure of blood vessels, types of vessels and their functionStructure and function of the lymphoid organs (thymus, lymph node, spleen)Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, neurohumoral regulationHypophysis - structure and functionThyroid and adrenal glands - structure and functionSalivary glands - classification, structure and function. SalivaParotid, submandibular and sublingual glandsGeneral structure of the oral mucosaTongue. Lingual papillae and glands. Taste budsTonsils - structure and function. Waldayer’s ring Tooth - general structureEnamel - microscopical structure, amelogenesisDentine - microscopic structure, dentinogenesisCementum - structure and cementogenesis. Alveolar bonePeriodontal ligament. Gingiva, epithelial attachment Esophagus. General structure of the wall of the alimentary tubeStomach, structural specialization of the mucosaSmall and large intestines, structural specialization and functionLiver - structure and function, blood circulationMucous layer of the respiratory ways (nasal cavities, larynx, trachea and bronchi) Lung, structure and function. Respiratory portion and blood-air barrierKidney. Nephron - structural and functional specialization of its partsExcretory urinary passagesTestis, spermatogenesisOvary, oogenesisUterus, menstrual cycleGeneral structure of the skin, glands and hair Brain cortex, blood-brain barrier. CerebellumEye - general structure. RetinaInner ear, structure and function EmbryologyFertilization, cleavage and early development of the blastocystBlastocyst and its implantation. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancyDevelopment of the amnion, yolk sac, chorion and embryonic discDevelopment of germ layers, formation of notochord, differentiation of the mesodermDevelopment of the primitive cardiovascular systemHeart development. Aortic arches and their derivativesFetal blood circulationDevelopment of the umbilical cord and placenta. Anomalies of umbilical cord and placentaPlacenta - structure and function. Fetal membranesPrimitive gut and its developmentDevelopment of the embryonic pharynx. Pharyngeal clefts and pouchesThe foregut, development of the stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreasDevelopment of the midgut loop (herniation, rotation, retraction and fixation of the intestine)Development of the hingut. Cloaca and its differentiationDevelopment of the respiratory systemDevelopment of the urinary systemDevelopment of the gonadsMesonephric and paramesonephric ducts and their development in both sexesNeuroectoderm and its differentiation. Histogenesis of the neural tubeDevelopment of the spinal cord and brain vesiclesDevelopment of the eyeDevelopment of the earSomites and their relationship to the development of skeletal muscles. Limb developmentDevelopment of the axial skeleton. Skull and vertebral columnStomodeum, development of the oral and nasal cavities. Development of the palate.Development of the tongue and thyroid gland. Development anomaliesDevelopment of teeth. Anomalies of the tooth developmentDevelopment of the faceClefts of lip, jaw and palate. Mechanism of their development, classificationBranchial arches and their differentiation DENTISTRY - REQUESTED KNOWLEDGE (list of preparations)GENERAL HISTOLOGYA1 Irregular dense connective tissue (dermis), AZANA4 Mast cells (rat mesentery), alcian blue, nuclear redA5 Tendon (regular dense connective tissue), HEA6 Adipose tissue, HEA8 Hyaline cartilage, HEA10 Elastic cartilage, orcein + alum hematoxylinA12 Endochondral ossification, HEA14 Intramembranous ossification, HEA15 Lamellar compact bone, HEA16 Lamellar spongy bone, HEA17 Smooth muscle, HEA18 Skeletal muscle, HE (A19 - Heidenhain´s method)A20 Cardiac muscle, HE MICROSCOPICAL ANATOMYCirculatory system:F1 Heart, ventricular wall, HE, trichromeF2/3 Large elastic artery (aorta), cross section, HE, orceinF5 Neuromuscular bundle (muscular arteries, vein and nerve) Weigert van Gieson´s method + resorcinfuchsinF6 Large vein (vena cava inferior, muscular type), HE, green trichrome Lymphoid system:G1 Lymph node, HEG2 Spleen, HE, trichrome (G3 - silver impregnation)G4 Thymus of the child, HE Endocrine system:E1 Pituitary, HEE2 Thyroid, HEE4 Suprarenal gland, HEE5 Islets of Langerhans, HE Digestive system:B1 Lip, HE, trichromeB2 Tooth, HEB3 Tongue, anterior part of the body, HE, trichromeB4 Tongue, root, HE, trichromeB5 Palatine tonsil, HEB6 Parotid gland, HEB7 Submandibular gland, HE, alcian blue + nuclear redB8 Sublingual gland, HE, alcian blue + nuclear red Digestive system:B9 Pancreas, HEB10 Esophagus, HE, trichrome, Heidenhain´s hematoxylinB12 Stomach - fundus, HE, trichromeB15 Jejunum, HEB16 Large intestine, HE, trichromeB17 Appendix , HEB18 Liver, HE, trichrome Respiratory system:D1 Epiglottis, HED2 Larynx, HE, trichromeD3 Trachea, HE, trichromeD4 Lung, HE, orcein + alum hematoxylin Urinary system:C1 Kidney, HEC3 Ureter, HEC4 Urinary bladder, HE, trichrome Male reproductive system:C6 Testis, HEC7 Epididymis, HEC10 Prostate, HE, trichrome, Heidenhain´s hematoxylin Female reproductive system:C11 Ovary, HE, trichromeC13 Uterine tube, HE, trichromeC14 Uterus, body, HEC16 Vagina, HE, trichrome Skin:H1 Thick skin (palm), HEH2 Thin hairy skin, HE Nervous system:L2 Brain, Nissl´s methodL3 Cerebellum, HEL4 Cerebellum, silver impregnationL5 Spinal cord, HEL8 Peripheral nerve, cross section, HE, Luxol blue + nuclear red Sensory organs:S1 Eye, anterior segment. HES4 Eyelid, HE Embryology:X3 Placenta, HEX4 Umbilical cord, HEX5 Development of the tooth
Garant
doc. MUDr. Tomáš Kučera, PhD.