Předmět Fyziologie I (FD10019)

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Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Sylabus

LecturersProf. Dr. Zuzana Červinková, M.D., Ph.D.Prof. Dr. Milan Holeček, M.D., Ph.D.Assoc. Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D. 30. 9. 2015      Introduction to physiology (homeostasis and its regulation). (Adamcová 1)30. 9. 2015      Cell membrane (cell communication, transport of substances through cell membrane). (Adamcová 1)30. 9. 2015      Body fluid compartments. Composition of body fluids, measurement of body fluid volumes. Function of blood. Physical constants of blood. (Adamcová 1)1. 10. 2015      Red blood cells. Hemolysis. Sedimentation of red cells. (Adamcová 1)1. 10. 2015      Haemoglobin. Regulation of red blood cell production - the role of erytropoietin. Essential substances required for erythropoiesis. (Adamcová 1)1. 10. 2015      White blood cells. Regulation of white cell production. (Adamcová 1)2. 10. 2015      Blood groups, blood transfusion. (Adamcová 1)2. 10. 2015      Hemostasis (vessel reaction, importance of platelets, blood clotting, anticlotting mechanisms, anticoagulant drugs). (Adamcová 2)21. 10. 2015     Immunology. Clasification of immune mechanisms (non-specific defence mechanisms, specific immune mechanisms, humoral and cell-mediated). Interactions between non-specific and specific immune mechanisms. Ontogenesis of immunity. Vaccination and passive immunity. Inflammation, allergy, auto-immunity. (Holeček 3)11. 11. 2015     Spinal cord reflexes - proprioceptive stretch and tendom reflexes, exteroceptive reflexes, the role of muscle spindle and of gamma system, reciprocal innervation. (Holeček 1)11. 11. 2015     Control of posture and movement - motor functions of spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia, descendent part of reticular formation and brain. (Holecek 2)18. 11. 2015     Autonomic nervous system. (Holeček 1)18. 11. 2015     The reticular activating system, spontaneous and evoked electric brain activity (EEG and evoked potentials). (Holeček 1)18. 11. 2015     Blood - brain barrier cerebrorspinal fluid. Functional organisation of cortex. (Holeček 1)25. 11. 2015     Regulation of visceral function - the role of spinal cord, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and limbic system in control of vegetative functions (vital centers, vomiting, hunger, thirst, sexual reactions, body temperature). Relation of hypothalamus to pituitary gland. (Červinková 1)25. 11. 2015     Sleep and wakefulness. (Červinková 1)25. 11. 2015     Higher nervous functions, inborn and acquired forms of behavior - unconditioned reflexes, drives, motivations, emotions, instincts, learning, memory. (Červinková 1)2. 12. 2015      Second signal system, speech, hemispheric dominance, frontal lobes, types of higher nervous activity. (Červinková 1)2. 12. 2015      Action potential in cardiac muscle. Electrical and mechanical properties of cardiac muscle, conductive system. (Adamcová 2)9. 12. 2015      Contraction of cardiac muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling. Homeostasis of calcium. Mechanical properties of heart, metabolism of cardiac muscle. (Adamcová 1)9. 12. 2015      The heart as a pump. The cardiac cycle. The main hemodynamic events associated with the cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. ECG. (Adamcová 1)9. 12. 2015      Cardiac output - method of measurement, regulation of output. (Adamcová 1)16. 12. 2015     Dynamics of blood flow. Flow, pressure, and resistance. Laminar and turbulent flow. Poiseuille-Hagen formula. Critical closing pressure. Law of Laplace. (Adamcová 2)16. 12. 2015     Function of vessel endothelium. Production of interstitial fluid, lymph. (Adamcová 1)6. 1. 2016        Local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. Cardiac enervation. The reflex mechanisms for maintaining normal arterial pressure. (Adamcová 2)6. 1. 2016        Circulation through special regions (tooth pulp cerebral circulation, splanchnic, lung circulation, circulation of the skin, and of muscles). (Adamcová 1) Practical courses & seminarsLecturersProf. Dr. Zuzana Červinková, M.D., Ph.D.Prof. Dr. Milan Holeček, M.D., Ph.D.Assoc. Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D.Assoc. Prof. Halka Lotková, M.D., Ph.D.Assoc. Prof. Otto Kučera, M.D., Ph.D.Václav Šafka, M.D., Ph.D.David Rychtrmoc, M.D., Ph.D.SeminarsTest (MCQ) and seminar - hematology.Test (MCQ) and seminar - immunology.Test (MCQ) and seminar - central nervous system.Practical coursesIntroduction to practical laboratories. Rules of safety work in laboratories. Rules of blood handling and blood sampling. Packed cell volume (PCV - Hematocrit). Specific gravity of blood.Counting of red blood cells.Measurement of hemoglobin concentration. Readtions of hemoglobin.Hemolysis. Testing of fragility of red blood cells.Couting of platelets. Investigation of capillary restistance. Investigation of bleeding time.How to gain a scientific information.Determination of clotting time (Lee-White), APTT, prothrombin time.Red blood cell sedimentations. Wet preparation of human blood and poikilothermic animal blood. Calculation of red blood cell indices. Counting of white blood cells. Classification of white blood cells (differential count).Testing for blood group and Rh factor.Computer simulation of action potential (PC program "AXONLAB").Computer modelling of neuromuscular transmission (PC program "CONDUCT"). Mechanical properties of muscle - recording of single twich, summation, superposition, and tetanus (videofilm).Basic neurological examination - proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes.Visual acuity. Perimetry. Astigmatism. Color vision.Ophthalmoscopy. Stereoscopic vision. Perimetry.Subjective and objective examination of hearing.Investigation of vestibular functions.Physical examination of cardiovascular system. Determination of arterial blood pressure.Harvard step test.CREDIT.

Literatura

Compulsory literatureW. F. Ganong Review of Medical Physiology. 19th ed., Appleton & Lange, 1999. ISBN 0-8385-8252-4Z. Cervinkova et al. A Manual in Laboratory Studies in Physiology (obtained at the 1st practical class)Recommended literature1. A. C. Guyton, J. E. Hall: Tectbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition, 2011

Požadavky

Credit:Credit will be given to the students, who fulfil the attendance requirements and have passed the examinations in each of the individual physiology system in that semester. Each semester that contains physiology has a single credit, i.e. there are two credits. Students are required to attend all practical (laboratory) classes; absence due to illness has to be supported with a doctor,s certificate. The number or legitimated absences may not exceed 15 % of all practical classes. If more that 15 % laboratory class per term are missed the position will be reviewed by the Head of the Department of Physiology. At the end of laboratory classes in each system, a seminar will be held during which the students will be tested on that system. The test will be in the form of a multiple choice questionnaire. If the student failrs this test, there is an opportunity to take an oral test on the same material. To obtain a credit the students have to pass each of the systems tests achieving at least grade 3 or less. Examination:Practical examination:In the final laboratory class of the summer semester students will undertake a practical laboratory examination. For admission to the practical examination student must have credit in both winter and summer term. The timing of the practical examination is fixed and only in very exceptional circumstances and with the permission of the Head of the Department of Physiology, an alternative date can be set for an individual student/s. Absence on the practical examination due to illness has to be supported with a doctor's certificate. The alternate date is also for students who don´t pass any test and thus they cannot receive a credit. These students are obliged to correct the test(s) until the date of alternate practical class. When attending the laboratory examination the student must produce the records and data from all the practical classes. Students select a question that will be one of the practical classes that the student has undertaken during the entire physiology course. In addition to this practical techniques student will be expected to demonstrate or understand of the background information which formed part of the original laboratory practical exercise. If the student fails this practical laboratory exercise no reset is available and the "fail" will be recorded. In the overall grade awarded in the final examinations, a fail recorded in the practical will be taken into account and could results in failing the course as a whole. Final examination:For admission to final examination students must receive credits in both winter and summer term, complete practical examination and sign up for final examination. The examination comprises an introductory written test, then oral exam follows. Re-examination comprise only the oral part. Use of electronic devices (cell phones, tablets, notebooks etc.). unauthorized materials or communication with other students is strictly prohibited. After selecting final exam question it is not allowed to leave the room and when necessary an escort will be provided. In case of failure to comply with these rules, students will be classified "failed". Detailed information on the format of this examination will be posted on the bulletin board at the end of the spring term.

Garant

doc. MUDr. Michaela Adamcová, CSc., Ph.D.