Předmět Mikrobiologie II (EA0105084)

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Materiál	Typ	Datum	Počet stažení

Sylabus

Microbiology, General Medicine - Syllabus First semester:          practical courses - 2 hrs/weekSecond semester:      lectures - 3 hrs/week                                   practical courses - 2 hrs/week Lectures, Clinical microbiology: 1.      Introduction, history of clinical microbiology, evolution of microbes, bacterial genetics (viruses, bacteria, parasites, mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer - transformation, transduction, conjugation, specific genetic elements - insertion sequences, transposons, integrons, etc.)  2.      Principles of general microbiology, factors responsible for virulence, pathogenesis of infectious diseases (structure of virus, virus living cycle, basic knowledge of immunity response, barriers, bacterial toxins, adhesins, mechanisms of escape against immunity, etc.)3.      Review of clinically important  G+ bacteria (characteristics, factors responsible for virulence, diseases, diagnostics, epidemiology, antibiotic therapy; Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., etc.)4.      Review of clinically important  G- bacteria  (characteristics, factors responsible for virulence, diseases, diagnostics, epidemiology, antibiotic therapy; Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter spp., Pseudomonas and other non-fermenting rods, Legionella spp.)5.      Review of clinically important  bacteria (characteristics, factors responsible for virulence, diseases, diagnostics, epidemiology, antibiotic therapy; Mycobacterium spp., Nocardia spp., Actinomyces spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., anaerobic bacteria - review of the most important species, e.g. Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, C. tetani, C. botulinum, Peptostreptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp.)6.      Review of clinically important parasites 1 (physiology of parasite, living cycle, vectors, diseases, diagnostics, treatment; protozoology, Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamobea histolytica, Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium parvum)7.      Review of clinically important parasites 2 (physiology of parasite, living cycle, vectors, diseases, diagnostics, treatment; helminthology, medical entomology, Fascilopsis buski, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma, spp., Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Hymenolepis nana, Nematodes)8.      Review of clinically important fungi (characteristics, factors responsible for virulence, diseases, diagnostics, epidemiology, therapy; Candida spp., Craptococcus spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., dermatomycoses, Hystoplasma spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii)9.      Antibiotics (basic groups of antibiotics, mechanism of action, molecules; beta-lactams, glycopeptides, polymyxins, amynoglykosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, etc.)10.  Mechanisms and epidemiology of antibiotic resistance (mechanisms of bacterial resistence, clonal spread of resistant bacteria, horizontal transfer of genes - mobilisation of genes, mobile genetic elements, integrons, co-resistnace, cross-resistance)  11.  Hospital-acquired infections (definition, examples of the most important pathogens, resistence bacteria as a causative agents of hospital-acquired infections - MRSA, VRE, resistant Gram-negative rods - production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenemases)12.  Review of viral diseases 1 (structure of virus, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, prevention, therapy; papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenovirus, herpesviruses, poxviruses, picornaviruses, coronaviruses,  paramyxoviruses, influenza virus, rhabdoviruses, filoviruses, reoviruses, togaviruses and flaviviruses, togaviruses, bunyaviridae) 13.  Review of viral diseases  2 (structure of virus, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, prevention, therapy; retroviruses - HIV, hepatitis viruses)14.  Indication, limitations, and interpretation of microbiological diagnostics methods   Microbiology exercises for general medicine I. (summer semester) 1) Introduction - safety, classification of microbes, characterization of main groups of microbes2) Dizinfection and sterilization - fyzical and chemical methods  and agents, indication and quality control, laboratory equipment and its application3) Cultivation I. - specimens collection, processing and storage, culture media characteristics4) Cultivation II. - seeding of culture media, characteristics of  microbial growth5) Microscopy I. - Gram stain, bacterial morphology6) Microscopy II. - Acid-fast stain, negative stain, slides of clinical specimens, host cells identification7) Cultivation III. - Biochemical and additional tests8) Cultivation IV. - Antibiotic susceptibility testing9) Immunological methods I.- terms definition, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies charteristics, production and application,10)  Immunological methods II. - Principles of direct and indirect immunological methods11) Immunological methods III. - Main assays, its characteristics, application and limits in diagnostics12) Identification of medically important microbes - main groups of  microbes in cultures and microscopy slides Microbiology exercises for general medicine II. (winter semester) 1) Normal microflora, laboratory diagnoses of anaerobes - normal microflora on culture media and microscopy slides, primocultures of various sites with fyziological colonization, Methods of anaerobic cultivation, genus Clostridium, non-spore-forming anaerobes2) Laboratory diagnosis of skin mucosae and soft tissue infections, sexually transmited diseases -diagnostic strategies,  collection of specimens, causative agent  detection and identification: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium sp. (histolytic), non-spore-forming anaerobes, diagnostic methods of bacterial STD: Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis3) Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal and urinary tract infections - diagnostic strategies,  collection of specimens, causative agent  detection and identification: Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp.4) Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract infections - diagnostic strategies,  collection of specimens, causative agent  detection and identification: Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonie, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,  Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,  Corynebacterium diphteriae5) Laboratory diagnosis of zoonotic diseases - diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent  detection and identification: Leptospira sp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia psittaci, Francisella tularensis, Pasteurella multocida, Listeria  monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., non-tuberculous mycobacteria6) Laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections, sepsis - diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus agalactiae, haemocultivation - collection of blood specimen, set up rules7) Antimicrobial therapy - case reports 8) Laboratory diagnosis  of parasites I. -  coprology - methods of concentration, blood smears, vaginal smears, protozoan parasites -  diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification: Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis, Leishmania sp., Entamoeba sp., Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, 9) Laboratory diagnosis  of parasites II. - parasitic helminth and parasitic arthropods -   diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia saginata, Toxocara sp., Trichuris trichiura, Pediculus humanus, Ixodes ricinus10) Laboratory diagnosis of fungi I. Specific diagnostic methods in mycology. Yeasts-diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification: Candida albicans, Candida sp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Malassezia furfur11) Laboratory diagnosis of fungi II. Molds - diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification: Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Trichophyton sp., Microsporum sp.,12) Laboratory diagnosis of viruses I. Specific diagnostic methods in virology. Diagnostic strategies, collection of specimens, causative agent detection and identification.13) Laboratory  diagnosis of viruses II Excursion to the Department of Virology 

Garant

RNDr. Karel Fajfrlík, Ph.D.

Vyučující

RNDr. Karel Fajfrlík, Ph.D.doc.Ing. Jaroslav Hrabák, PhD.RNDr. Karel Martínek, Ph.D.