7. Maturitní téma - European Union

THE EUROPEAN UNION

• 27 members countries

• 502 519 978 inhabitants

• 6 countries found it

• 1951 everything started

• 2004 CR joined

• 17 countries which has euro

• 12 stars on the flag

• 23 official languages

History:

• After the Second World War, in 9 May 1950 Robert Schuman (French foreign minister) came up with
  the idea of "united Europe"

• 1951 - ECSC (European Coal and Steel community) -> 6 countries (Lnx, Bel, Net, Fr, Ge, It)

• 1957 - EEC/EURATOM (European economic community) -> deeper integration

• 1967 - they created

  • Council of Ministers (now Council of EU)

  • European Parliament

  • Commission

• 1979 - the first public elections to the EP took place

• 1992 - Maastricht Treaties

  • introduced news forms of cooperation

  • single European market

    • the European Union

• 2002 - 12 states (out of 15) adopted Euro, the single European currency

  • 3 countries didn´t: GB, Swed, Denmark

  • Slo, Slovenia, Esto, Cyprus, Malta - used Euro

• 2004 - CR + 9 other states, they joined to EU (Malta, Cyprus, Latvia, Poland, Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Lithuania, CR, Hungary) <= biggest enlargement

• 2007 - last enlargement => Romania, Bulgaria entered

• 2013 - Croatia

• candidate states:

  • Turkey, Serbia, FJRM (Former Jugoslavian Republic of Macedonia)

Goals:

• peace and stability

• stable economic development and prosperity

• sustainable development in other areas (social affairs/environment)

• EU ensure freedom, safety justice...

• protects the culture of heritage of all nations and cultural diversity

Rights:

• to live/to study/to work/to travel...

• to vote and be elected

• ! The Charter of fundamental rights of the EU

• the right to strike

• reconcile the..(family and profesional life)

• equality

Symbols:

• flag - blue background with 12 golden (yellow) stars -> it symbolizes prosperity, peace etc..

• anthem "Ode to Joy"

• Europe Day (annualy on 9 May)

• currency - Euro

Institutions:

• European Commission

  • in Brussels

  • 27 members (commissioners)

  • run the EU on the daily basic

  • implement the new legislation/regulations/directives..

• European Parliament

  • 754 MEPs, CR - 22 MEPs

  • they propose, pass new legislation

  • responsible for the budget

  • supervise the commission

• Council of the EU

  • in the past it was called Council of Ministers

  • 27 councellors

  • ministers responsible for the given agenda

  • new legislation

  • budget

  • every 6 months a different country presides the Council of the EU

• European Council

  • discuss priorities/visions/directions/the future of the EU

• ECJ = European Court of Justice

• ECA = European Court of Auditors

• ECB = European Central Bank (in Frankfurt)