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THE ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES

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22. Environmental issues, catastrophes. Seasons of the year, weather, climate.

The environment consists of four parts - atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. These four have been in balance for million of years and are tied together. Atmosphere are all the gasses that make up the air. Lithosphere consists of all the rocks in and on the Earth. Hydrosphere means all the water in the seas, rivers, lakes and soils and finally biosphere means simply all organisms living on the Earth. Most of the environmental issues are caused by human activity. Civilization has brought people many advantages, but its products also pollute and damage the environment in which we live. And because human race is growing rapidly it’s dangerous to not solve how to lower the damage.

Air pollution is the biggest problem in large cities and in areas with concentrated industrial production. It is also clearly noticeable in our region. Especially in winter, when we deal with smog. Smog is a mixture of solid, liquid and gaseous substances. The name comes from smoke and fog. It can be caused by car exhaust fumes and by coal-fired power stations and factories which burns fossil fuels. Big problem are also acid rains. When the smoke from f.e. coal burning in power stations mixes with water in clouds the acid rain is formed. The rain falls onto trees and slowly kill them. That’s a serious problem because trees are really important for us – they produce oxygen which allows us to breathe. We can see the consequences of acid rain f.e. when we look on Lysa hora.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect. Emissions, like carbon dioxide (produced by burning fossil fuels), nitrogen oxides (from car exhausts), Freon (from aerosol and refrigerators), methan and water vapour prevent the heat from escaping. Then the Earth’s overall temperature is rising. This could cause rising sea levels, unpredictable weather, floods, drought and so on. Freons also destruct the ozone layer. The ozone layer forms in the upper atmosphere and protect us from the dangerous UV rays, which cause skin cancer. The biggest ozone hole has formed over Antarctica and Australia. Finally, radioactive pollution. It’s mainly radon and its caused by testing nuclear weapons, nuclear power stations and not well conserved nuclear waste.

How can the problems of air pollution be solved? First of all, people should try to use alternative sources of energy, such as solar, water, wind, geothermal and perhaps tidal energies. People should use public transport or fast railways more. New cars should run on unleaded petrol. Factories and power stations should have effective filters and households should not burn everything that burns, especially plastic bottles.

Water pollution is mainly caused by chemicals used in agriculture (pesticides), heavy metals from industry and oils from ships (mainly by tankers which crashed, and oil run out). Throwing away waste in seas and rivers is dangerous for animals. For example, sharks don’t recognise the difference between plastic bottle and fish. They can eat it and die. Oil spill is poisoning the sea animals and wings of birds can be stick together and the cannot fly.
How can the problems of water pollution be solved? We should reduce use of chemicals, not throw away a waste and prevent oil spills by using alternative fuels.

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