Phrasal verbs - přednáška
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MULTI-WORD VERBS
A lexical verb may combine with a particle to form a multi-word verb which behaves as a single unit of meaning. The particle may be an adverb or a preposition.
Multi-word verbs tend to be used in informal context and for formal use there often exists a single verb synonym. However, when there is not such a synonym, the multi-word verb can be used in formal context.
Multi-word verbs can be classified into three main classes:
Phrasal verbs
Prepositional verbs
Phrasal-prepositional verbs
Phrasal verbs
consist of a lexical verb and a particle. They can be intransitive and transitive. In the case of transitive phrasal verbs the position of the object can may vary.
He buys all his own food and he very rarely eats out.
You are not going to sort out your problems in a month.
You are not going to sort your problems out in a month.
Yesterday we were just finishing off looking at the structure and the land use of city and town.
Careful, darling, don’t knock that over!
Many phrasal verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively, sometimes with the difference in meaning:
I’ve got to set off at five.
As soon as he moves, he’s going to set the alarm off.
Prepositional verbs
consist of a verb and a preposition which are closely syntactically linked with each other. The direct object must follow the preposition, even if it is a pronoun.
I couldn’t sell my car. I just couldn’t do without it.
You said you’d already come across that kind of stuff in the library.
Some prepositional verbs allow an adverb or discourse marker to be used between the verb and the preposition:
It depends entirely on what’s going on at the time.
I agree, I think, with most of his reasons.
Phrasal-prepositional verbs
Phrasal-prepositional verbs consist of an adverb particle and a preposition.
I’ll catch up with you in a minute.
Let her get on with it.
A small number of such verbs also take a direct object after the verb as well as an object of the preposition.
She’s going to try and fix me up with a bit of part-time work.
He was taking his frustration out on me, shouting at me and stuff.
Do you put that down to luck or judgment?
(Carter, R. and M. McCarthy. Cambridge Grammar of English, CUP 2006)