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9. Prague

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Prague

Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic and lies in the middle of Bohemia on the Vltava River. The river Vltava flows through Prague, so there are many bridges.

Its population is about 1 200 000. It is the biggest city in the Czech Republic. It is the fourteenth-largest city in the Europe. It covers an area of almost 500 km2 and it is divided into 10 districts.

It is a seat of the President, the Parliament, the government and the cultural and economic centre of the country.

It is very beautiful city with many historical buildings and monuments. It’s sometimes called “ the heart of Europe, or mother of towns”

History:

A legend connects the foundation of Prague with Princess Libuše, who predicted the future glory of Prague which would touch the stars.

In the 10th century was founded Vyšehrad castle. It is the oldest castle in Prague. Vyšehrad became the seat of Czech rulers and Prague became the centre of the economic life during the 11th century.

In the 14 century lived in Prague the most famous emperor of Czech Monarchy Charles IV. Prague became the imperial residence of Charles IV. and during his reign it grew. He established there an Archbishopric in 1344, founded Charles University (1348) and New Town cattle market (Charles square). He also promoted the construction of Charles Bridge and St. Vitus Cathedral.

In the 15th century Prague was the centre of the Hussite movement, which was one of the consequences of execution of John Huss.

In 16th century Prague became the seat of Rudolph II., who invited artists and scientists there.

On 8th November 1620 the Czechs rose up against the Habsburgs and they were defeated in the Battle of the White Mountain. A few month later 27 members of the movement were executed at the Old Town Square.

At the end of the 18th century Prague became the centre of Czech cultural life when Czech scholars and writers began the process of National Revival.

In 1918 Prague was the capital of the newly independent Czechoslovakia.

In 1939 it was occupied by German troops.

Than Prag was liberated by the Russians on 9th May 1945.

After 40 years of totalitarian depression on the 17th November 1989, the Velvet Revolution began democratic changes in our society. Huge demonstrations started on Národní Street. The whole process continued with the splitting of former federal Czechoslovakia into two independent states on 1st January 1993, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.

Places of interest:

PRAGUE CASTLE

It is the dominant of the city and is a part of Hradčany. In the past it was the residence of the Czech kings and since 1918 it has become the residence of our presidents. The complex of the Prague castle includes three courtyards and over 700 rooms. The most famous are the gothic Vladislav Hall, the Spanish Hall and the Rudolf Gallery. In the Vladislav Hall the election of President takes place and the other Halls serve for ceremonial and cultural purposes.

The most impressive building in the complex is the St. Vitus Cathedral completed in 1929 and founded by Charles IV. on the occasion of establishment of the Archbishopric. The main constructors were Matthias of Arras and Peter Parléř. The most admired parts are St. Wenceslas Chapel are coronation chamber with the coronation jewels and the Royal Crypt with sarcophaguses of Czech kings and queens.Other interesting places at the Prague castle are the Basilica of St. George, which is built in Romanesque style

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