11) Canada
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11. Canada
GENERAL INFORMATION:
Canada is the second largest country in the world
It also has the world's longest coastline (more than 243,000 km)
Despite its size there are only 33 million people living here. The reason for that is that many places in
Canada are inhabitable and the climate in the north is very cold. Most people live on the Canadian – US
border.
The name “Canada” comes from the ancient Indian word “kanata”, which means “village”, or
“settlement”.
Canada’s capital city is Ottawa. Other famous cities are Montreal, Vancouver or Toronto.
HISTORY
The history of Canada started when migrating people from Asia entered North America
Many of them died during the European colonization from diseases carried by the settlers
European exploration began after 1480 when the explorers were looking for a North West Passage by
sea from Europe to Asia's riches
The voyage to Newfoundland in 1497 of John Cabot began further exploration and laid the basis for
English claims to Canada
Canada was a British colony until Confederation in 1867 when the Dominion of Canada was born and
the first Prime Minister (Sir John Alexander Macdonald) began to build the country we know today
POLITICAL SYSTEM
Along with Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, and others, Canada is a member of the British
Commonwealth of Nations
Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch
She is the head of state, and the Governor General is her representative in Canada. He must sign all new
laws before they can be passed
Canada’s political system is very similar to the British one. They have a parliament with two chambers.