13 London and Washington, D.C.
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Like most capital cities Washington. D.C. has some famous monuments. The most famous is the Washington Monument. It is a marble obelisk built to commemorate the first American President George Washington. It is 170 metres high and there are 897 steps to the top of the Washington Monument, but visitors aren’t allowed to walk up to them. They have to take the elevator. The view from the top is perhaps the best of all in Washington, D. C.
Another famous monument is the Jefferson Memorial, which commemorates the third President Thomas Jefferson, who is the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is situated by the Potomac River. The open-air interior of the Memorial is dominated by a bronze statue of T. Jefferson holding the Declaration of Independence.
The Lincoln Memorial is a tribute to Abraham Lincoln. It has 36 marble columns, one for each state in the Union at the time Lincoln died, and 56 steps, one for each year Lincoln was alive. He was one of a number of presidents who have been murdered (murdered at Ford’s Theatre). The Lincoln’s Memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King’s speech “I Have a Dream”.
The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is also situated on the Mall. It is the first memorial to honour an African American and the only memorial on the Mall not dedicated to a president or war. Dr. King, a pastor in Georgia during the 50s and 60s, led many non-violent protests against segregation and racial inequality. At the age of 35, he became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. King was assassinated after giving a speech in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968.
Another president who was killed in office was John F. Kennedy. Across the Potomac River is the Arlington National Cemetery, where John F. Kennedy and many other US heroes are buried.
Close to Arlington Cemetery is the Pentagon. This enormous pentagonal building is the seat of the headquarters of the Department of Defence.
Every capital city has its famous museums and Washington in no exception. To learn about American history, we can visit the Museum of American History. There is also the National Air and Space Museum where you can walk under aeroplanes satellites, rockets and spacecraft that hang from the ceiling.
There are no factories and industry in Washington and that is why the city seems to be so clean. No building can be higher than the Capitol so there are not any skyscrapers.