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8b History of GB II.

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History of GB II.

Tudors

  • 1215 Magna Charta → parliament John the Lackland for money

1485 – 1603:

Henry VIII.
  • 6 wifes

  • he wanted to divorce with his 1st wife Catherine of Aragon, but the Pope refused – she couldn’t have kids

  • 1534 reformation: he abolished Catholic Church, took all their money, founded English Church – made himself the head → granted himself the divorce

Elizabeth I. (death 1603)
  • called virgin queen (because she had no kids and no husband)

  • Low taxes, so people were happy

  • Hired pirates to fight against France, Spain → won

    • Pirates were honoured in England

    • Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh (Virginia)

    • Defeated Spanish Armada (trick with burning ships) → England became the greatest Navy power #1 sea power

  • English throne→ James I. (in Scotland James VI.) – cousin son from Mary the Queen of Scotland

England x Scotland Religion protestants catholic System capitalism feudalism → people weren't Rule(r) parliament absolute monarchy happy because of bourgeosie monarchy landed aristocracy these differences
  • James I. death → Charles I.

The Civil War 1640 –1649

Parliament x King merchants church of England south north Roundheads fight Cavaliers
  • Roundhead

    1. Presbyterians

    2. Compromise (Oliver Cromwell)

  • Leader Oliver Cromwell (Puritans) reorganised the army

    • Ranks awarded according to experience and not birth

1649 Oliver won

  • Charles I. beheaded (coin)

The Commonwealth 1649-1660

Oliver Cromwell
  • Military dictator (he was fighting for parliament and after he won he abolished parliament)

  • Became Lord Protector

  • End of parliament and king

  • People – didn’t like it

  • Cromwell death 1658 → Commonwealth was collapsing

1660 – Restoration of monarchy
  • Invited king Charles II. – king back

  • Limited his power → king depends on parliament

  • Parliament (2 political crews)

    • Tories (landed aristocracy) – support king

    • Whigs (bour merchants)

1686-1689 The Glorious Revolution

  • without death of people

  • Charles II. death

  • New king James II.

  • He restore – catholicism and he wanted to rule without parliament = absolute monarchy

  • Parliament said NO and James II. escaped → William of Orange

  • William of Orange proclaimed English king (James daughter – his wife)

1689 Bill of Rights

  • King power limited, signed by Will of Orange

  • Parliament strengthened

  • No changes yet

1701 – Act of Settlement

  • King always protestant

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