8b History of GB II.

History of GB II.

Tudors

• 1215 Magna Charta → parliament John the Lackland for money

1485 – 1603:

Henry VIII.

• 6 wifes

• he wanted to divorce with his 1st wife Catherine of Aragon, but the Pope refused – she couldn’t have kids

• 1534 reformation: he abolished Catholic Church, took all their money, founded English Church – made himself the head → granted himself the divorce

Elizabeth I. (death 1603)

• called virgin queen (because she had no kids and no husband)

• Low taxes, so people were happy

• Hired pirates to fight against France, Spain → won

  • Pirates were honoured in England

  • Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh (Virginia)

  • Defeated Spanish Armada (trick with burning ships) → England became the greatest Navy power #1 sea power

• English throne→ James I. (in Scotland James VI.) – cousin son from Mary the Queen of Scotland

England x Scotland Religion protestants catholic System capitalism feudalism → people weren't Rule(r) parliament absolute monarchy happy because of bourgeosie monarchy landed aristocracy these differences

• James I. death → Charles I.

The Civil War 1640 –1649

Parliament x King merchants church of England south north Roundheads fight Cavaliers

• Roundhead

  1. Presbyterians

  2. Compromise (Oliver Cromwell)

• Leader Oliver Cromwell (Puritans) reorganised the army

  • Ranks awarded according to experience and not birth

1649 Oliver won

• Charles I. beheaded (coin)

The Commonwealth 1649-1660

Oliver Cromwell

• Military dictator (he was fighting for parliament and after he won he abolished parliament)

• Became Lord Protector

• End of parliament and king

• People – didn’t like it

• Cromwell death 1658 → Commonwealth was collapsing

1660 – Restoration of monarchy

• Invited king Charles II. – king back

• Limited his power → king depends on parliament

• Parliament (2 political crews)

  • Tories (landed aristocracy) – support king

  • Whigs (bour merchants)

1686-1689 The Glorious Revolution

• without death of people

• Charles II. death

• New king James II.

• He restore – catholicism and he wanted to rule without parliament = absolute monarchy

• Parliament said NO and James II. escaped → William of Orange

• William of Orange proclaimed English king (James daughter – his wife)

1689 Bill of Rights

• King power limited, signed by Will of Orange

• Parliament strengthened

• No changes yet

1701 – Act of Settlement

• King always protestant