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International Organizations

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  1. The Council of the EU – the main legislative institution of the EU

  • consists of ministers of the governments of each of the European Union member states

  • the President of the Council is a Minister of the state currently holding the Presidency of the Council of the European Union

    • passes EU laws on the recommendations of the European Commission and the European Parliament

    • approves the EU budget

    • seeks to achieve a common foreign, economic, and defense policy for the member states

  1. The European Commission – the executive body

  • consists of 27 Commissioners, one from each member state of the EU

  • Its primary roles are:

    • to propose and implement legislation - the power of initiative

    • to act as 'guardian of the treaties' which provide the legal basis for the EU

    • to regulate competition in the Union

  1. The European Parliament – legislative branch

  • members are elected by EU citizens once every five years

  • it cannot initiate legislation, but it can amend or veto it in many policy areas

  • it assembles in Strasbourg and Brussels

  1. The European Court of Justice – judicial branch

  • it is the Supreme Court of the European Union made up of 27 Judges and 8 Advocates General, seated in Luxembourg

  • it controls that the EU laws are interpreted in the same way in all states

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

  • the Treaty of Brussels, signed on 17 March 1948 by Benelux countries, France, and the United Kingdom, is considered to be the precursor to the NATO agreement

  • it was established on 4th April 1949 by signing the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington, DC as a defensive military organization

  • ultimately governed by its 28 member states with its headquarters in Brussels

  • an armed attack against 1 or more of the member states is considered as an attack against all member states

  • the most senior political governing body of NATO is the North Atlantic Council

The Red Cross

  • it is a voluntary, non-governmental movement

  • its mission is to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for the human being, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering, without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions

  • the original emblem is the red cross, nowadays others are used as well, such as red crescent, red crystal, red star of David, etc.

  • the core tasks are:

    • to organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield

    • to supervise the treatment of prisoners of war

    • to help with the search for missing persons in an armed conflict

    • to organize protection and care for civil populations

  • its headquarters is in Geneva

Greenpeace

  • an international environmental organization founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1971

  • is known for its use of nonviolent direct action campaigns to stop atmospheric and underground nuclear testing as well as bring an end to high seas whaling

  • in later years, the focus of the organization turned to other environmental issues, including global climate changes and genetic engineering, etc.

  • the global organization receives its income through the individual contributions, as well as from grants from charitable foundations, but does not accept funding from governments or corporations

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