American literature - přednášky
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Resistance from Southern Democrats
Reluctance to move on several fronts
Ordered federal troops into Oxford to force the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith, an African American who had been denied admission
Sent federal marshals to the South to ride shotgun for the Freedom Riders as they attempted to force the integration of interstate bus lines
In 1963, he lobbied Congress aggressively for a civil rights act that would increase federal authority to intervene in the face of discrimination
Lyndon Johnson
a highly skilled politician of the old school
acquired political experience through his 23 years in the House and the Senate
one of only three Southern senators not to sign the "Southern Manifesto"—a petition denouncing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board
secured the passage of the 1957 Civil Rights Act
Committed millions of federal dollars to the renewal of America's cities and the development of mass transit systems
Dramatically increased federal aid to education, created Head Start for disadvantaged pre-schoolers, and organized the Job Corps for high school dropouts
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed discrimination in public facilities, like parks, and in public accommodations, like hotels and restaurants, it also prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, or gender, and it authorized the federal government to initiate suits against discriminating schools and municipalities
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Forbade all voter tests, like literacy tests, which had frequently been abused to block Blacks from voting.
Arch-conservative Barry Goldwater, campaigned aggressively against the social programs and civil rights bills championed by Johnson
With 61% of the popular vote and 486 of 538 Electoral College votes, Johnson was able to claim a clear mandate for his Great Society
In addition, Democrats increased their majorities in the House (295 to 140) and the Senate (68 to 32) making Johnson's agenda essentially safe during his second term
forced Congress to authorize the escalation of American involvement – proceeded to oversee a massive investment of American troops and material, and he ordered bombing campaigns that eventually dwarfed World War II efforts in terms of sorties flown and tonnage dropped
In January 1968, a massive North Vietnamese and Viet Cong offensive debunked all of the administration's claims that American efforts were moving toward victory
In a dramatic televised announcement, Johnson informed the American public that he would not run for re-election
Bell-bottoms and incense, long hair, free love and psychedelic rock—the 1960s are commonly reduced to a set of easy-to-replicate images, phrases, and styles
Claim: In pursuing "success," people had lost sight of the more meaningful experiences life had to offer
Solution: "Turn on, tune in, and drop out" was less an invitation to party than a call to experience life more intimately and deeply