American literature - přednášky
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Slavery
The American Colonization Society
Liberia – group of people that thought that African slaves should be sent home
The Liberator – special newspaper in US which suggested all slaves should be free
The American Anti-Slavery Society
Northern colonies
More evaluated than southern states
Blockade of the southern states
Better guns
Major cause – slavery (some colonies wanted, some did not), also because they inquired new land (todays Mexico)
Lincoln (republican) assassinated,, won elections 1860 – wanted to forbid slavery
Black codes – limited slavery, but also rights of African were restricted
23 states remained in the Union, South had less soldiers and North was also more developed (70% of railways was on the North)
Government – taxes, conscript soldiers – important
British government tried to help Southern states
Commanders – Northern colonies – situation was better (Lincoln had no army experiences, but he learnt quickly), much better platform to choose from; Southern states – worse
Anakonda plan – strategic ideas, Union blockade was well prepared
Lee, Jackson, Johnson – major leaders of the South
Civil war – the last of the old wars (because of the tactics)
Submarine was used
1890 – 1920 – age of urban reform, nation had difficulties with poverty
Major objectives – industry revolution (problems – alienation, pollution, workers health – chemicals, factories – children, dangerous work conditions)
More people trying to get into the cities – housing problems, overpopulated cities, immigration problems – huge number of Irish people, government corruption
1900 – president election – chance for people to change a politics and policy = they agreed on „the open door policy“ - dealing with foreign countries (China – an area USA wanted to get advantage in)
Other territories were taken, China was the only free (Russia was getting more and more powerful, wanted to have upper hand in China as well)
China remained undivided, but problems between USA and Russia remained
President was McKinley – he was positive, well liked – assassinated
Roosevelt, assumed the office after him, wanted to deal with political corruption, wanted to win the fight through the number of civil reforms; was not supposed to be a president; considered to be a hero
Corruption – if you wanted to be a member of government – competitive exam (people did not get their position because of favour)
Insurance for injury – Progressives
Merit system – hiring people according to their status
Muck raking (kydání hnoje – only figuratively) – tried to poke the history to find a problems (whether they were corrupted or excepted bribes) – they wrote novels about it/put it into a magazine
7. 84 – of all people own 84 of wealth
Taft – a good friend of Roosevelt, he served as his secretary
1920 – Wilson – govern of New Jersey, Roosevelt was govern of New York
Wilson – workers compensation programme (utilities – light,...)
1917 – new immigration law/act – tried to limit the number of people who entranced USA
Liber unions tried to limit the number based on nationality = xenophobic
1921 – mainly aimed to Asian immigrants
Eugenics – wasp (white Anglo-Saxons protestant) – based on racial patriarchy
Revival of ku-klux-klan
Chain stores being established, industrial revival, enabled mass production
Creation of parks, baseball stadiums, transportation
1904 – one of three people was starving to death
Natural resources were exploited, people were wasting natural resources, mainly in the west (nature was polluted, mines)
First natural parks were established, conservation was necessary, Roosevelt