Přednášky zápisky

Nonconformists – Quakers, Baptists, Methodists – they did not confirm with the interpretation of the church. Many of these people later immigrated to the new world because in England they were discriminated. Many of them tried to find religious freedom in the new world.

Charles I.

• He continued in the process – colonization of Ulster – Northern Ireland: exactly behind Britain. If Britain is attacked from Europe, they could be attacked by Ireland.

• They moved poor Scottish farmers to Northern Ireland in order to control the area. From a completely catholic country to also protestant.

• At the beginning James wanted to rule in a very authoritative way but he needed the parliament for money. Conflict between king and parliament because the king asked money. The king wanted to put into prison some parliamentarians but the parliament acted – Habeas Corpus nobody can be into jail more than some hours without putting into court. This law is the foundation of the democratic system. Charles believed that nobody is above the king. The king run away from England and asked help outside.

Colonization of the Ulster

1620 Mayflower pilgrims - Plymouth – they decided to find freedom in the new world. Unlike the British colonists of Virginia, these people were not interested in getting money. They wanted religious freedom. The parents of the American nation. Initially they wanted to reach Virginia but God decided different – because of storm. They were helped by Native Americans. Pilgrims organized a huge dinner and invited Native Americans – this is legend for the Thanksgiving. Indians didn’t have property.

Civil War

1645 defeat of the Royalist army at Naseby’s - The end of the conflict between parliament and king. They did a new political system.

Oliver Cromwell – he wanted to punish the Irish. So he killed many Irish and gave the land again to the Scottish poor farmers. Wanted to control Ireland by controlling the demographic structure of Ireland. He died in 1658

1649 – Execution of the king - King Charles I was executed as a traitor (zrádce) – he had not fulfilled his duty as a king towards his people. The member of the jury – middle class people. Shocking in Europe because it was said that you can only be judged by people of your same status or from someone above you. Argument of puritans – king is supposed to rule the country for the country, not for himself. If the king is not serving to the country, he was putter into the trial. – very revolutionary for 17th century

The Commonwealth 1649 – 1660 - Until 1660 the country was ruled by the parliament. England was a republic. Holland was the only country in Europe as republic. Republican system.

• Oliver Cromwell – member of the parliament. He gave himself the title of Lord protecting the commonwealth. It was like a royal title. Parliament didn’t like it. He died and his son couldn’t control the parliament in the same way as his father. So the parliament invited Charles II to the parliament. He was executed in France and Netherlands. → The Restoration