how not to teach grammar
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Lesson: How not to teach the past perfect (Intermediate)
Step 1 The teacher introduces the lesson by telling the class that they are going to have a grammar
lesson. He writes on the board ‘past perfect’. He then explains the rules of formation and use
of the past perfect (as in he had worked...), including how the past perfect is used to refer to a
time anterior to an established past reference, and how the past perfect is also used in reported
speech to transform direct speech instances of the past simple and the present perfect. He also
points out that the past perfect functions in conditional clauses to refer to hypothetical past time
(as in I f I had known you were coming...).
Step 2 He asks if the class understands, and then distributes an exercise, which involves converting
past simple and present perfect structures into the past perfect, as:
I went to the beach -> I had gone to the beach.
She has seen the movie -+ She had seen the movie.
The students work on this individually and then take turns to read their answers out aloud. The
teacher corrects any errors.
Step 3
In the remaining ten minutes of the lesson, the teacher sets up a game of ‘Hangman’, the
vocabulary game in which the class are allowed several guesses at the gapped-out letters of a
word.
Thornbury, S. ( 2012) How to teach grammar. Pearson Education Limited. Pp 151-152