OAJ B - Unit 4.1 - Types and properties of materials

Unit 4.1 - types and properties of materials

• Interdisciplinary - related to more than one subject/branch

• to span - to extend across time or space (zahrnout, pokrývat)

• Engineering applications - uses in technical practise

• lightweight composite - composite type of material that is light in weight

  • composite -směs, složenina

• Optical fibres - silica or glass fibres that transmit information using light pulses

• Properties – characteristics

• to device -to plan or to design

• vital - crucial, most important

• medical technologies - technologies used to save or improve life

• polymers - large molecules made of small units called monomers linked together

  • examples: DNA, protein, cellulose, chitin

  • an addition reaction, a condensation reaction

  • properties: soft or hard, squishy or solid, fragile or strong

• combustion - the act of burning, a process producing heat (spalování, hoření)

• to extend - to cover more areas, to spread

• to combat - to struggle to eliminate or reduce something unpleasant or harmful

• coating - thin film of substance that covers a surface

• versatility - the ability to adapt to different functions

• exposure - the state of being unprotected

• sludge - a muddy sediment (bahno)

• detrimental - powerful or damaging

• nanomaterials - material possessing one external dimension measuring 1-100 nm

  • example - carbon nanotubes

Properties of materials

• thin (thinness) x thick (thickness)

  • thin – having a small distance between two opposite sides

  • thick – having a large distance between two opposite sides

• soft (softness) x hard (hardness)/tough (toughness)

• flaky (flakiness) x non-flaky/solid

• strong (strength) x weak/brittle/fragile

• brittle (brittleness) x strong, firm (firmness), resilient (resilience), durable

• flexible (flexibility) x rigid (rigidity)

• transparent (transparency) x opaque (opacity)

• conductive (conductivity) x non-conductive

  • conductivity - the ability to allow heat or electricity to go through

• impermeable (impermeability) x semipermeable x permeable (permeability)

• fragile (fragility)/non-durable x durable (durability)

• tight (tightness) x loose

• resistant x non-resistant

• flammable – easy to set itself to fire

• malleable – poddajný, kujný, tvárný

• lustrous – lesklý, třpytivý

• artificial – synthetic

• to overlap – to have something in common

• to exceed - to go beyond, to get over the limit

• elusive - hard to achieve or define (nepolapitelný)

• to assume - to suppose

• alloy - a substance formed by mixing 2 or more metals

• insulator - a material that doesn't let heat/electricity/sound/light go through

• core - the centre

• solution - a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

• surface - the upper layer

• sufficient – enough