Lesson 01 - Introduction to Law and Sources of Law

3. PAIR WORK. Read one of the following pieces of legislation (TEXT 1, TEXT 2 or TEXT 3). Which country is it from? What is/could be the title? Underline new vocabulary/phrases that you find important.

TEXT 1

Termination of Studies

Article 55

(1) Proper completion of studies consists in graduating in the applicable study programme. The date of completion corresponds to the date of passing the state examination required at the end of studies or the last part of this examination.

(2) Completion of studies and acquisition of an academic degree are documented by means of the higher education diploma and the state examination certificate.

Article 56

(1) Studies are also terminated in the following events:

a) A student has decided to quit the studies;

b) A student has failed to meet the requirements specified in the study programme as per Study and Examination Rules;

c) Withdrawal of the study programme accreditation;

d) Expiration of the study programme accreditation as per Article 80, subsection 4;

e) A student has been excluded from studies as per Article 65, subsection 1, letter c) or as per Article 67.

Country:

Title:

TEXT 2

19 Transfer, modification or abolition of functions by order

(2)An order under subsection (1) may in particular—

(a)amend or repeal any of the following—

(i)an enactment other than one contained in an Act passed, or Northern Ireland legislation passed or made, after the Session in which this Act is passed;

(ii)subordinate legislation other than subordinate legislation made under an Act passed, or Northern Ireland legislation passed or made, after the Session in which this Act is passed;

(iii)any other instrument or document, including a prerogative instrument;

(b)include—

(i)any supplementary, incidental or consequential provision, and

(ii)any transitory, transitional or saving provision,

which the Lord Chancellor considers necessary or expedient for the purposes of, in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, provision made under subsection (1).

Country:

Title:

TEXT 3

Section 7.

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law.

Country:

Title:

4. Structure of laws: What are parts of acts in English, what are they in Czech?

Laws are cited with their title (also known as short title) and year, for example, Human Rights Act 1998. If referring to specific sections or parts, we write a comma and the relevant abbreviation and number, e.g. Human Rights Act 1998, s 15(1)(b). Study the following chart comparing the subdivision of Czech and UK laws and decide what the English abbreviations stand for: