exam-summary-jazyk-i4-anglictina-pro-pravniky
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EXAM - Summary Jazyk I.4. - angli?tina pro právníky
Jazyk I.4. - angli?tina pro právníky (Masarykova univerzita)
EXAM - Summary Jazyk I.4. - angli?tina pro právníky
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I.
Introducion to Law and its Sources
What is law?
o
Law is a set of rules created and enforced by the state to govern relaions within the
society.
o
descripive
describes how something behaves
o
prescripive
describes how something SHOULD behave
o
sancions (penalies, punishments)
informal level = society (e. g. criicism, ridiculing, negaive reacions)
semiformal level = schools, sport clubs, churches, etc. (e. g. warning,
suspension, expulsion, ines)
formal level = police, courts, rule-makers (e. g. laws, precedents)
o
law provides a way to resolve disputes peacefully and ensures a safe society
o
one of the essenial principles is equality (same law applies to everybody)
Sources of law
o
refer to the origins from which rules of human conduct come into existence and
derive their legal force
o
common law
Anglo-American culture
created by judges by drawing on customs across the country and rulings by
monarchs (ater the Norman conquest, 1066)
developed organically and were rarely writen down
sources:
statutes (acts, codes)
judicial decisions
o
stare decisis
doctrine (courts abide by precedents set by
higher courts examining the same issue)
judges play an acive role in developing rules; act as arbiters between the
paries, while a jury decides on the facts of the case
lexibility
o
civil law
drew on Roman law (e. g. Codex Jusinianus)
during the Enlightenment period, rulers irst sought to produce
comprehensive legal codes
sources:
codes
statutes
judicial decisions only to a certain extent (e. g. rulings of the
Consituional Court)
judges play a more passive role; tend towards being invesigators within a
framework established by codes and statutes