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MP409Zk
union official – odborový funkcionář
working conditions – pracovní podmínky
working allowance – finanční příplatek ze strany zaměstnavatele
white collar - úředník
Unit 16
Definitions:
A suffrage is a political franchise – or simply the right to vote gained trought the democractic process.
The question of who may vote is a central issue in elections – the electorate (volič) – does not generally include the entire
population, for example many countries prohibit people from voting those that are judged mentally incompetent.
A suffrage is typically only for citizens of the country, thought further limits may be imposed. However, in the European
Union, one can vote in a municipal elections if one lives in the municipal and is an EU citizen, the nationality of the
country residence is not required.
In some countries voting is required by law, if an eligible voter does not cast a vote, he or she may be a subject to punitive
measures such as an early election.
Equal suffrage is sometimes confused with universal suffrage, although its meaning is the removal of graded votes, where
a voter could possess a number of votes in accordance with income, wealth or social status.
Control of free speech:
a) in totalitarian regimes – meetings had to be authorized in advance
b) in democratic countries – authorities have to be informed about meetings
Sexual harassment – unwelcome sexual advances, requests for a favour and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual
nature which takes place in a workplace.
Types of sexual harassment:
a) offering promotion in exchange for sexual favors
b) constant vulgar comments
c) unwelcome physical touching
d) other sexual conduct affecting an employee's working conditions
e) a supervisor leads a female employee to believe she will lose her job if she doesn't submit to his sexual advances