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25. Czech Republic

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Czech Republic

Czech Republic is situated in the middle of Europe.

It borders with 4 countries: with Germany in the west, with Poland in the north, with Slovakia in the east and with Austria in the south

Czech Republic consists from 3 historical parts: Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.

It covers an area of about 80 000 sq. km

Official language is czech.

Currency is Czech crown, which is divided into 100 hellers.

National anthem is called Kde domov muj created by J.K.Tyl and Frantisek Skroup.

Our flag is created by three colours, blue gore, and red below stripe and white stripe.

Population:

Czech Republic is home for 10,2 mil. inhabitants. Most of them are Czech origin, so we can say, that Czech Republic is one nation state. But there live one big national minority Slovaks. (Also the Romes, the Germans, the Ukrainians, the Russians)

The biggest city is Prague (1,2 mil inh.), it is the capital city too and seat of government and president. It is most seightseeing city.

Next two big towns are in Moravia, Brno (500 thousands) – the center of Moravia and Ostrava – new town, which was built during second half of 20th century is called Steel heart of Czech republic.

Plzen in west Bohemia is the fourth largest town in our country, it is center of engineering and world famous for beer production.

Ceske Budejovice – center of south Bohemia is historical town, world famous for beer production too.

40% people are non-believers, 40% are Roman Catholic and 20% are other religions.

History:

First type of state on our area was The Samo’s empire from 7th century.

Second state was Great Moravian Empire.

In the 9th century the power was taken by the Přemyslid dynasty, who ruled the country to 14th century.

Next dynasty was Lucemburks with the most famous king Charles IV. During his reign Czech countries became rich and strong monarchy. He founded the Prague University in 1348, built a new stone bridge over the river Vltava named after him Charles Bridge, and the castle Karlštejn.

It was time of progress, which ended in 15th century, when in our country ran religions conflicts (Hussite Movement).

John Hus demonstrated against Catolic church and he was burnt in 1415 near Konstanz.

From 16th to 20th century were Czech countries part of Austrian empire, we have Austrian kings, Austrian legislatives and German was an offical language.

After first world war Czech became independent, it was established new democratic state Czechoslovakia with own president Tomas Garrigue Masaryk and own government.

In year 1938 Czechoslovakia get lost and Nazi Germany (Third Reich) occupied our borders areas.

After second world democracy ended, in our republic was established communist system.

In 1989 was the Velvet Revolution. Whole nation revolted against political system and democratic government was restored.

In 1993 Czechoslovakia separated in two independent and democratic states Czech republic and Slovakia.

System of government:

The Czech Republic is a democratic state.

System of government has three main parts:

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