01 The United Kingdom
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Highest mountains
Ben Nevis (Scotland, 1344 m) – Grampian Mountains (south from Loch Ness)
Scafell Pike (England, 978 m)
Snowdon (Wales, 1085 m) – The Lake District
Slieve Donard (N. Ireland, 850 m) – Mourne Mountains
Mountains
The Pennines
The Cambrian Mountaines
The Highlands
Lake District
Exmoor
Dartmoor
Lowlands = agricultural area
chalk and flat plains
very little wilderness left
Rivers
The Thames
Avon – Stratford upon Avon – Shakespeare was born there
Mersey – Mersey club
Severn – longest, from Wales into England
most of them are short or turn into swamps
Longest rivers
River Thames (Englad, 346 km)
River Tay (Scotland, 188 km)
River Bann (N. Ireland, 122 km)
River Tywi (Wales, 103 km)
Canals
infrastructure
transportation of the goods
1980s – 1990s restored – for recreation, paths for cyclists
Lakes
Loch Ness – largest lake by volume (Scotland)
Lough Neagh – largest lake by surface (N. Ireland)
Largest lakes by surface areas
Lough Neagh (N. Ireland, 381,7 km2)
Loch Lomond (Scotland, 71,1 m2)
Windermere (England, 14,7 km2)
Bala Lake = Llyn Tegid (Wales, 4,8 km2)
National parks
Dartmoor – rich in archaeology, has been used as military firing ranges
Yorkshire Dales – people go for walks or cycle
Loch Lomond and the Tossachs (Scotland) – merpeople from Harry Potter live here
BORDERS
insular character = group of islands – Shetlands, Hebridies, Isle of Man
bordered by four seas:
English Channel – separates from continental Europe
North Sea – east
Irish Sea – west
Atlantic Ocean – west
Division
England from Scotland – Hadrian Wall
England from Wales – Offa’s Dyke
CITIES
London
Edinburgh
Belfast
Cardiff
Manchester – industry
Liverpoool – industry
York – most historical city
Brighton – promenade
CLIMATE
Oceanic climate – hotter than it should be – Gulf stream
should be snowy, freezing – water stabilizes the temperature
no snow coverage, but winter flooding
temperature very stable, more rain than continental Europe
rain – mist, fog, drizzle, shower than can go for days – no gales, not wild rain
as you go North there’s ten times more rain than on the south
most of the areas don‘t have sun for days – only sunny areas Cornwall and Devon – North less sun
PLANTS
English oak – acorns
symbol of new life – small twigs
Bluebells
invasive species
large areas
heathers
in mooreland
dark purple
large area
moss
everywhere – because of rain
whole forest covered with moss
ANIMALS
fox
most wide spread predator
fox hunting – now forbidden
red squirrel
problem with american grey squirrels – spread quicker
in the countryside
hedgehog
numbers fall down because of agriculture
badger
puffin
bird
look penguinish
seals
COUTRYSIDE
no forests – they cut down everything (ships and Industrial revolution)
for agriculture
in the north railways – viaduct
valleys, woodland, rivers
Cornwall, Devon coast – mountain archs next to sea
small islands
british coast dangerous – small rocks in the water