18. System of government in UK
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18. System of Government UK
profile: Evolution of the State and Constitution, Electoral System, Devolution
state: Contemporary Politics, Political Parties, Existing Constitution
evolution of the state and constitution
it’s not just one event but slow evolution of certain events – evolutions and revolutions – series of events
the UK constitution is an accumulation of various judicial precedents, conventions, treaties (smlouvy) and other sources which collectively can be referred to as the British Constitution
we can describe it as an “uncodified” constitution
one of the first events was Magna Charta 1215
Barons – society like pyramid – top – king, then barons
King – money from taxes
Barons don’t like king is taxing too much
Enemies – France, Normandy – from, loose land in France, want it back – England fought series of wars in France
King John – fights unsuccessful wars in France – needs money – higher taxation – barons didnt like this – VYTVOŘÍ PARLIAMENT – parley = French for speak
Magna Charta was written during the reign of King John Lackland (1215)
Magna Charta limits power of the king, also says that king needs to respect legal procedures and that he needs to accept that his decisions will be also limited by law
king is no more above the law
there was written some rights of subjects (for example not to be punished for rebelling, appeal against unlawful imprisonment)
there should be someone to advise the king (parliament)
first parliament – most important aristocracy – lords, in different important cities, king negotiate with them
they are worried about being punished (guys kteri dotlacili krale do pozice) – setting up of idea of independent justice
they want to bring more people – mayors of towns, merchants – each town/place to elect/choose who is going to represent them – IDEA OF 2 HOUSES
A) 1215 establishment of parliament, establishment of House of Lords (representing next level of society)
parliament also set up that justice is independent
Magna Charta introduces Common Law (one law for all)
modern state comes from the early 13th century
1340 separation of two houses House of lords and House of commons
House of lords
was developed from the Great Council (advised king during medieval times)
composed of noblemen, church and representatives of counties of England and Wales
B) House of commons
was the lower house of Parliament of England
speaker of the house (chief officer and the highest authority)
- War of the roses – parliament is not that important, - then Tudor dinasty
during a reign of James I who was the first Scottish king, parliament became more powerful, than king
parliament became the primal power in the state
16th century (Tudors) – parliament centralized in London – Westminster palace – Henry 7 and 8
modernized parliament – modern traditions
oligarchy then democracy
parliament makes decisions (speaker of the house) – tradition, telling king sm he didn’t want to hear – then loose land or get executed