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18. System of government in UK

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18. System of Government UK

profile: Evolution of the State and Constitution, Electoral System, Devolution

state: Contemporary Politics, Political Parties, Existing Constitution

evolution of the state and constitution

  • it’s not just one event but slow evolution of certain events – evolutions and revolutions – series of events

  • the UK constitution is an accumulation of various judicial precedents, conventions, treaties (smlouvy) and other sources which collectively can be referred to as the British Constitution

  • we can describe it as an “uncodified” constitution

  • one of the first events was Magna Charta 1215

  • Barons – society like pyramid – top – king, then barons

  • King – money from taxes

  • Barons don’t like king is taxing too much

  • Enemies – France, Normandy – from, loose land in France, want it back – England fought series of wars in France

  • King John – fights unsuccessful wars in France – needs money – higher taxation – barons didnt like this – VYTVOŘÍ PARLIAMENT – parley = French for speak

  • Magna Charta was written during the reign of King John Lackland (1215)

  • Magna Charta limits power of the king, also says that king needs to respect legal procedures and that he needs to accept that his decisions will be also limited by law

  • king is no more above the law

  • there was written some rights of subjects (for example not to be punished for rebelling, appeal against unlawful imprisonment)

  • there should be someone to advise the king (parliament)

  • first parliament – most important aristocracy – lords, in different important cities, king negotiate with them

  • they are worried about being punished (guys kteri dotlacili krale do pozice) – setting up of idea of independent justice

  • they want to bring more people – mayors of towns, merchants – each town/place to elect/choose who is going to represent them – IDEA OF 2 HOUSES

  • A) 1215 establishment of parliament, establishment of House of Lords (representing next level of society)

  • parliament also set up that justice is independent

  • Magna Charta introduces Common Law (one law for all)

  • modern state comes from the early 13th century

  • 1340 separation of two houses House of lords and House of commons

  • House of lords

  • was developed from the Great Council (advised king during medieval times)

  • composed of noblemen, church and representatives of counties of England and Wales

  • B) House of commons

  • was the lower house of Parliament of England

  • speaker of the house (chief officer and the highest authority)

- War of the roses – parliament is not that important, - then Tudor dinasty

  • during a reign of James I who was the first Scottish king, parliament became more powerful, than king

  • parliament became the primal power in the state

  • 16th century (Tudors) – parliament centralized in London – Westminster palace – Henry 7 and 8

  • modernized parliament – modern traditions

  • oligarchy then democracy

  • parliament makes decisions (speaker of the house) – tradition, telling king sm he didn’t want to hear – then loose land or get executed

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