18. System of government in UK

- 1960s we want to join European union – Ch.deGaule against

- 1973 – EEC, need to replace market we lsot, Maastricht treaty - eu

• post war consensus (we will have the welfare state)

• democratic socialist labour

• socialism – one nation conservatism (another name for socialist party)

• transforming into multicultural society

• right wing (conservative party) – deeply against it

• over racism in politics

• n word for neighbour (labour)

• race riots (rasové nepokoje)

• national front

• 1970s rising of employment

• industrial decline

• increasing of 1st gen of immigrants

• raising of xenophobic was of resentment

• immigrants work hard

• 2nd gen want their rights

• big way of nationalism in 70s

• nazi organization (National front)

• street confrontation, harassing people on the streets

• it looked like they will be 3rd biggest force in British politics

• 1970 Labour are discredited, social chaos

• Margaret Thatcher

• British prime minister 20th century (leader of conservative party)

• Thatcherism

• process of privatization

• awakening of welfare state

• cutting bag housing benefit (social)

• pension being frozen

• cutting social services

• struction of trade union

• much more free market economy

• deregulation of the financial market in London (top 3 London, Tokyo, Wall Street)

• reaction to this

• constitutional changes

• 1975 referendum of joining in EEC (European Economic Community)

Brexit reasons

• sovereignty (justification of Brexit)

• they want to take back control

• fake news (miss representation of EU laws)

• cultural identity

• a lot of immigrants

• homophobic fears

• lack of investment in health care (comes from Thatcherism)

• xenophobia

• 2008 economic recession (crash)

• David Cameron – EU referendum

• he thought that he would be in coalition (politic ambitions, self interest)

• protest vote (based on nationalism) – we want to change establishment

• new political party UKIP (N. Farage) – national conservatism, Euroscepticism

• they won EU elections because no one voted

• conservative party was split into supporters of EU and against EU (internal problems in conservative party)

• idea of British identity

• patriotism and nationalism

• no need to use single market

• deregulation of British financial market

• EU offered masks to UK (they declined, they will make them by themselves)

Contemporary politics

• UK is parliamentary democracy under constitutional monarchy

• the monarch is head of the state (currently Queen Elizabeth II)

• prime minister is the head of the government (currently Boris Johnson)

• executive power (výkonná moc) is exercised by the British government

• legislative power is divided into two chambers of the Parliament (the House of Commons and the House of Lords)

• the highest court is Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

• UK political system is multi-party system

• there are two dominant parties Conservative party and Labour party

• there are also Liberal Democracy, Scottish National Party

• Britain has uncodified constitution

• they have system of rules which shapes the political government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

• the UK constitution is an accumulation of various judicial precedents, conventions, treaties (smlouvy) and other sources which collectively can be referred to as the British Constitution

• such as Magna Charta, Common Law, Bill of Rights and so on