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Canada

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Canada

  • Canada is located in the north of the continent of North America

  • Is the second largest country in the world

  • It is a confederation of 10 provinces and 3 territories

  • Is part of the Commonwealth

  • Canada has a relatively small population of 30 milion

  • It is a multicultural country with two official languages, English and French

  • Canada is constitutional monarchy. Currently Queen Elizabeht II. is the head of the state

  • the most famous Canadians are Celine Dion, Nelly Furtado and Jim Carrey

  • a symbol of the Canada is a maple leaf

  • national currency – Canadian dollar

  • the capital city – Ottawa

History

  • Indians and Eskimos were the original inhibitants of Canada

  • They came there from Asia – across the Bering Strait

  • thousand years ago - Vikings rediscovered it

  • in 15th century – Europeans came there

  • name Canada – comes from Indian word Kanata – means village, community

    • before it was called – New France

    • then British North America

Geography

  • Area is about 10 million square kilometres

  • Canada borders

    • in the South - with the USA

    • in the West - Alaska

    • in the North – Artic Ocean

    • in the East – Pacific Ocean

  • largest islands – Vancouver - west, New Scotland and Newfoundland – in the East, Victoria and Baffin Islands – in the North

  • high mountain ranges (all are called Cordilleras) - along the west coast

    • in the west – Rocky Mountains - highest mountain Mt. Logan

    • the Mackenzie Mountains, the Melville Hills

  • the longest river is Mackenzie

    • other long rivers – Yukon, Columbia, St. Lawrence river

  • Canada is the country of lakes - more than thousands of them

  • Great lakes - Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie

    • the largest – Lake Erie, Ontario

      • between them are famous Niagara falls

    • Great Bear lake, Great Slave lake

Climate

  • mostly continental

    • warm sunny summer

    • long cold winters

  • in the North - Artic climate

    • tundra

    • mostly uninhabited

  • in the Pacific coast (pobřeží) - the climate is milder (mírnější) /májldr/

Nature

  • national animal – Beaver

  • Moose (los), bears (polar, grizzly, black), foxes, wolves, deer (jelen)

    • live in the forests

  • seals (tuleň)

  • about thirty national parks – Jasper National Park

Industry

  • Industry includes coal (uhlí), iron ore (železná ruda), oil, natural gas (zemní plyn), cooper (měď), zinc, nickel, lead (olovo), uranium…

    • greatest resource are forests (největší zdroj)

  • agriculture (zemědělství) – wheat (pšenice), beef, cattle, barley

  • fishing – cod (treska), lobster (humr), salmon

  • manufacturing (výroba)– food products, machinery, wood, petroleum

  • exported goods (vyvážené zboží)– wood, pulp, printing paper, wheat

  • imported goods (dovážené zboží) – computers, electronic, scientific equipment

People

  • population is about 34 million people

    • 45% British origin

    • 30% French origin – live in the province of Quebec

    • 20% European origin

    • Indians (live in the villages in the prairies), Eskimos (live in the Artic regions)

  • It is a multicultural country with two official languages, English and French

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