Czech Republic

CZECH REPUBLIC, PRAGUE

The Czech Republic is a small country in the heart of Europe. It borders Germany, Slovakia, Austria and Poland. The country has a mild climate with four seasons and a population of about 10 million people. The capital city is Prague, which is also the largest city in the country.

The Czech Republic is traditionally divided into three historical regions: Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. Today, the country is divided into 14 regions, each with its own regional capital. Even though it is a small country, there are regional traditions and dialects, especially in Moravia, where folk costumes, music and traditions are still very strong.

The CR is a landlocked country. Its borders are mostly formed by mountain ranges, such as the Krkonoše Mountains or Šumava. The longest river is Vltava, which flows through Prague, and the Elbe is also important.

Political system—the CR is a parliamentary republic. The president is the head of state and has mostly a representative role, while the government and parliament have the main power to run the country. The Czech Republic has been an independent state since 1993, when Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Czech history is very rich and complex. In the past, the Czech lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Czechoslovakia, and during World War II, they were occupied as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In the second part of 20th century, the country was under communist rule, influenced by the Soviet Union.

The Czech language belongs to the Slavic languages. It's beautiful, but considered very difficult for foreigners. Czech society is not very religious—the CR is one of the least religious countries in the world, partly because of the communist past. Czechs are known for their specific sense of humour, love of beer and positive relationship with nature. Important ethnic minorities include Roma, and today also many Ukrainians.

The CR has a strong cultural tradition in literature and music. Classical music, puppetry, theatre and modern film are also important parts of Czech culture.

Prague

Prague is considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and is often called „the City of a Hundred Spires“. It is famous for its historical architecture and well-preserved old town. Important landmarks include Prague Castle, the largest castle complex in the world, St. Vitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge from the 14th century, the National Theatre, and Charles University, one of the oldest universities in Europe.

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In conclusion, although CR is a small country, it has a rich history, strong cultural identity, and beautiful cities and nature. Prague especially shows how history, culture, and everyday life can exist together in one place.

Interesting facts:

• The Prague Castle complex has about 6,000 rooms.

• The oldest working astronomical clock (The Prague Astronomical Clock – Orloj, founded in 1410).

• The CR has hundreds of castles and chateaux.

• Czechs are strong in ice hockey.

• In 1989, Czechoslovakia experienced the Velvet Revolution, a mostly peaceful movement that ended communist rule.

• Unique Czech sound – „ř“.

• Near Kutná Hora there is a Sedlec Ossuary – a small chapel decorated with human bones.

• The word „robot“ comes from Czech Karel Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R., introduced the word robot to the world (from Czech „robota“ meaning forced labour).