London
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London
- capital city since 11. century – 1066 (after William the Conqueror came)
- 8, 8 mil people
HISTORY
Romans
- everything changed when Romans came –> 43 AD
- they built a bridge over the river Thames
- “Londonium”
- lived in 1300 => 100 000 people
in 1665 – Plaque (= mor)
- centre in London
–> the dead people between 70 000 – 200 000
- was stopped in September 1666 (Great Fire of London)
1666 Great Fire of London
- started in bakery in Pudding Lane
- they had narrow streets + wooden houses
- 70 000 houses burnt down
- 87 churches burnt down
- 80% of London burnt down
- they said that nobody died (officially six people dyed)
London was rebuilt
- by architect Sir Christopher Wren
- centre is modern from 17. century
WW2
- bombing
- children evacuated
- adults stayed in town
- prince Charles was in London with his mother
- 30 000 killed
SIGHTS
-
Trafalgar Square
- Battle of Trafalgar
- GB x French + Spain
- hero was admiral Nelson (statue on a column)
- he was killed in the battle
- National Gallery
-
free entrance
- St. Martin’s Church
-
Westminster
- seat of legislative power
House of Parliament
- House of Lords
- House of Commons
Big Ben => bell (19 tons)
Stephen’s Tower (only the tower)
Westminster Abbey
- church in England (Top 1)
- place of royal weddings and funerals
London Eye
- wheel – 30 min to go around
- view of London¨
Trafalgar Square
- column with statue of admiral Nelson (battle of Trafalgar)
- National Gallery (free entry, free toilets)
- St. Martins Church
- lots of street artists
Picadilly Circus
- square – fountain with Eros + bow
- meeting point (something like our ČÁRA)
- 1 side close to China town
- 2 side – 2 biggest shopping streets
St. Paul’s Cathedral
- the only baroque cathedral/church in London
- built after the great fire 1666 by Sir Christopher Wren
The Globe
- this is exact replica of Shakespeares theatre
- performances from April to October
Tower Bridge
- not very old, because completed in 1894
- opens in the middle
- museum of the bridge
The Tower of London
- was a royal seat
- built by William the Conqueror (1066)
- then it was a prison (very famous, like Špilberk)
- Mary Stuart executed there
- some of Henrys VIII. wives executed
- now it is museum
-
crown jewells
-
guards – Beefeaters
- 6 ravens –> healthy monarchy (they have 7 ravens)
Buckingham Palace
- official London seat of the Queen Elizabeth II.
- it was bought in 1761
- used as royal residence in 1837
- in front of it is Queen Victoria Memorial
Parks
-
St. Regent’s Park
-
Hyde Park – Speakers Corner, anybody can come and talk about anything but the Queen
10 Downing Street
- seat of Prime Minister
TRANSPORT
- underground = The Tube
-
oldest in the world
-
complicated system
- buses = double decker
- taxi = black cab (nowadays pink, white, green)
-
drivers is a prestigious job
-
minicab (normal car) – can’t stop on the street
- riverbus – quick
CULTURE