United Kingdom
Níže je uveden pouze náhled materiálu. Kliknutím na tlačítko 'Stáhnout soubor' stáhnete kompletní formátovaný materiál ve formátu DOCX.
HISTORY OF UK
Original inhabitants were Celts
- 100 – 400 – the Romans occupy England and Wales
- 400 – 1066 – the Anglo-Saxons - driving the native British westwards
- 800 AD – Vikings – on the north of England and parts of Scotland and Ireland
- 1066 – the Normans – brought the French language and new words into English
13th century – MAGNA CARTA
= King John
- restricted the power of ruler and recognized the rights
- very important and influential – became an important part of English law
The Hundred Years’ War – 1337 – 1453
- rulers of the Kingdom of England x rulers of the Kingdom of France
1347 – the black death killed a third of the population
15th century – WAR OF ROSES
- two English noble houses wanted the crown: The Lancasters and The Yorks
- lasted for 30 years
- the last battle – 1485 at Bosworth Field
- The Lancasters wins
- Henry Tudor married Princess Elizabeth and brought peace to the country
17th - 18th CENTURY
- 1558 – 1603 the ELISABETH ERA - England becomes wealthier cause of the wool trade
- Britain – naval power
- William Shakespeare
- 1642 – 1651 the English Civil War – between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists
- 1707 – the Act of Union
18th – 19th CENTURY
- BRITISH EMPIRE – 18th
- Industrial Revolution – late 18th = people begin to move into the cities and work in factories
- 19th – BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR (1805) – Spain x Britain (Napoleon lost at Waterloo and Britain continued her colonial expansion)
19th – 20th CENTURY
- the VICTORIAN ERA – society becomes more repressed and religious
- 1918 – end of the First World War
- RAF – The Royal British Airforce
- World War II – 1 million houses were destroyed and 40 000 civilians were killed
- POLITICAL STABILITY – after WWII – gained political and financial stability; UK is member of NATO and since 1973 member of the European Union
GEOGRAPHY
LOCATION
BRITISH ISLES – are situated off the north-west coast of the Continent of Europe
- it lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea
- English Channel separated B.I. and France
- the UK consists of 4 parts – England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast)
- island: Hebridies, Orkney, Shetland – on the north
- Channel islands – own legislative
- population: 63 million
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
- Climate – temperate and oceanic (lot of rain)
- Gulf Stream – don’t freeze, climate is influenced by the warm Gulf Stream
- extreme temperatures – mild winters, coldly rainy summer
- weather is extremely changeable
FAUNA AND FLORA
- small variety – not enough time since the last Ice age
- quite similar to Czech Republic
- animals: red deer, badger, hedgehog, fox, red squirrel
POPULATION
- rich variety of ethnicity (Celts, Romans, Normans.. )
- long history of immigration: Africans, Chinese, Irish, Poles
LANGUAGES
- England – English
- Scotland – Scottish Gaelic
- Wales – Welsh
- Ireland – Irish Gaelic
GEOGRAPHY