Didaktická propedeutika - přednášky

Learner variables

Individual differences

• Reasons for learning the language

• Linguistic level/competence

  • Social linguistic competence – we know when to ask question, when to be quiet, when to pause…

  • Discourse competence – we know what the situation is and what to do in this situation

• Previous learning experience

• Learning styles

  • Something we are born with, we cannot change it

• Skills and aptitudes, memory

  • If we are communicative person or not…

• Motivation

• Intelligence

• Speeds of working and learning, preferences for working with others or individually, topics the learner find interesting…

Learning styles

Sensory Aptitude Personality

Sensory learning

• Based on neurolinguistic programming

• Visual – seeing Auditory – hearing Kinesthetic – feeling

• Olfactory – smelling Gustatory – tasting – small kids put everything in their mouth

Aptitude

• Language aptitude is talent for learning languages

• An apt person – clever person – talented person

• “The natural ability to learn a language, not including the intelligence, motivation etc.”

• Combination of various abilities

• Ability to imitate sounds not heard before

• Ability to identify sound patterns in a new language

• Grammatical sensitivity

• Ability to memorize words

• Multiple intelligence – our brain is combined with many intelligences

• Howard Gardner (1983) – the MI theory (multiple intelligences) – each predominating in different individuals: linguistic, spatial, musical, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal (cooperating with others), intrapersonal (knowing yourself)

• Later on: naturalistic, emotional, existential intelligence

Why is it important to know learning styles

• General benefits

• Learning

• Teaching

Learning strategies

1. Direct strategies – Memory strategies, cognitive strategies, compensation strategies (used with our brain)

Memory strategies

• Creating mental linkages – we link them – fruit, school stuff…

• Reviewing well – reading, saying aloud, recording ourselves

• Employing action

• Applying images and sounds – we can link a word to sound

Cognitive strategies

• Practicing – repeating, practice conversation

• Receiving and sending messages – interaction, skimming the notes

• Analysing and reasoning

• Creating structure for input and output – we write it down in a certain way, we put it in correct order, we translate things…

Compensation strategies

• Guessing intelligently – what the idea is..

• Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing – I don’t know what this word means, I will use different one

1. Indirect strategies – Metacognitive strategies, Affective strategies, Social strategies

Metacognitive strategies – I organise my learning

• Centering your learning – I don’t like studying at night/in the morning, in bath, in bed, with music on…

• Arranging and planning your learning – we decide when and where to do it

• Evaluating your learning – how far I am with studying

Affective strategies

• Lowering your anxiety – saying I’m good, meditating, watching comedies…

• Encouraging yourself

• Taking emotional temperature – listen to my body