Kultura a literatura-přednášky-zápisy
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Adrienne Rich – American scholar – lesbian continuum – it is not only sexual, but also cultural meaning
Relation between Letty and Lydia – kind of lesbian continuum, friendship, bonding
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick – The Epistomology of the Closet, Between Men
He starts with episode from The Bible – The book of Esther – woman who made something very brave (Prime minister wanted to kill Jews and take property from them and divide it between him and emperor. She put her best clothes on and went to the emperor. It wasn’t normal to show up just because you want to see the emperor. She went to him and told him about a plan of prime minister [the emperor didn’t know anything about this plan]. He was weak because he didn’t notice that he has been plotted by prime minister.)
Comes out of the closet = Mr. Brumble – he admitted that he has a son (you keep there something which you don’t want to show to others)
Monique Wittig – women are a social class – she compared women and proletariat
Luce Irigaray
Héléne Cixous – The Laugh of Medusa
The differentiation in womb didn’t go well → men/women want to change their sex
The basic form of noun is usually masculine – shepherd → shepherdess
Teacher – generic form - when we want to emphasise it is a woman – lady teacher
Tools of language – grammatical subject and logical subject – always a man
Virginia Woolf – very sensitive woman, she noticed that in language there are no feminine sentences – She noticed that she doesn’t have words, vocabulary to express her feelings as a woman – she could use a metaphor, poetry but not ordinary words
Root term is masculine
In poetry – men describe the female body in pieces – her feet, hands, eyes… WHY? Because they feel sexual desire to penetrate the woman
Matriarchy – power of women
Patriarchy – power of men
Women were in power because they brought child to life
Patriarchy exists in language too
Male, female – they refer to sex, to body
Masculine, feminine – refer to gender – the social and cultural construct – to behave in certain way which identify us as a woman or man
Feminist – woman who think that they don’t have a power and they should have it
There is no “masculinist” because we live in patriarchy
10. 1. 2018
Postcolonial Approaches
Postcolonial theory deal with relationship between London and the colonies
Relationships of power
How these relationships are represented in literature?
- post → it means “after”
In many cases it is flag independence – these countries are economically still dependent on England
Commonwealth – organisation of independent countries – the ___ people are offered an opportunity to study…
Orient – ideological
Partial orientation – Macedonia, Croatia, Bulgaria – part of orient
The orient seems to be passive – in book of Ahmad Aijaz – the bad perspective of orient
Zeugmatic spaces – the bridge spaces – they connect the orient and west
Frantz Fanon – Black Skin, White Masks – he worked for a French army, he was a psychologist – he dealt with people who were tortured – mentally and physically (He was called “nigga” in Paris for the first time. The French people didn’t take him as French.) In this book he talks about black men in the army.
Women in postcolonial
Gayatri Spivak – Can the subaltern speak? (someone who doesn’t have power) Subaltern cannot say their own story
Against Spivak – Kumkum Shangari
Kwame Nkrumah – Consciencism